UNIT 8 (CH 12/13) Flashcards
psychological disorders characteristics by distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
anxiety disorders
continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorder
marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
panic disorder
marked by a persistent, irrational fear and aviodance of a specific object, activity, or situation
phobia
characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
conversion disorder
a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative disorders
a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
schizophrenia
false beliefs, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
delusions
characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
personality disorders
lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist - usually men
antisocial personality disorder
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
psychological disorder
marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
medical model
the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks of more after a traumatic experience
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
post-traumatic growth
mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
major depressive disorder
marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
mania
person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
bipolar disorder
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
psychodynamic therapy
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
insight therapies
Rogers - the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth
client-centered therapy
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies - part of client-centered therapy
active listening
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
family therapy