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AP PSYCH > UNIT 8 (CH 12/13) > Flashcards

UNIT 8 (CH 12/13) Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological disorders characteristics by distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

anxiety disorders

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2
Q

continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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3
Q

marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

A

panic disorder

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4
Q

marked by a persistent, irrational fear and aviodance of a specific object, activity, or situation

A

phobia

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5
Q

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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6
Q

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

A

conversion disorder

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7
Q

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

A

illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)

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8
Q

conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

A

dissociative disorders

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9
Q

a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

A

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

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10
Q

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

A

schizophrenia

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11
Q

false beliefs, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

A

delusions

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12
Q

characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

A

personality disorders

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13
Q

lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist - usually men

A

antisocial personality disorder

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14
Q

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

A

psychological disorder

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15
Q

marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

A

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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16
Q

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

A

medical model

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17
Q

the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

A

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

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18
Q

haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks of more after a traumatic experience

A

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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19
Q

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

A

post-traumatic growth

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20
Q

mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

A

major depressive disorder

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21
Q

marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

A

mania

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22
Q

person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

A

bipolar disorder

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23
Q

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

A

psychodynamic therapy

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24
Q

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

A

insight therapies

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25
Q

Rogers - the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

A

client-centered therapy

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26
Q

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies - part of client-centered therapy

A

active listening

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27
Q

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

A

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

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28
Q

treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

A

family therapy

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29
Q

clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

A

evidence-based practice

30
Q

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

A

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

31
Q

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or supress brain activity

A

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

32
Q

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

A

psychosurgery

33
Q

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

A

lobotomy

34
Q

a personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

A

resilience

35
Q

uses techniques from various forms of therapy

A

eclectic appraoch

36
Q

consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psycholoigcal difficulties or achieve personal growth

A

psychotherapy

37
Q

free association, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

A

psychoanalysis

38
Q

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

A

resistance

39
Q

the analyst’s noting supposed dream meaning, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

A

interpretation

40
Q

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

A

transference

41
Q

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

A

unconditional positive regard

42
Q

applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

A

behavior therapy

43
Q

uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

A

counterconditioning

44
Q

behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear and avoid

A

exposure therapies

45
Q

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.Commonly used to treat phobias

A

systematic desensitization

46
Q

anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears

A

virtual reality exposure therapy

47
Q

type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

A

aversive conditioning

48
Q

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange that tokens for various privileges or treats

A

token economy

49
Q

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

A

cognitive therapy

50
Q

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

A

meta-analysis

51
Q

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

A

biomedical therapy

52
Q

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind

A

psychopharmacology

53
Q

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

A

antipsychotic drugs

54
Q

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

A

antianxiety drugs

55
Q

Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used are selective seotonin reuptake inhibitors-SSRI)

A

antidepressant drugs

56
Q

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

A

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

57
Q

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

A

group therapy

58
Q

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

A

therapeutic alliance

59
Q

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

A

social anxiety disorder

60
Q

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

A

Epigenetics

61
Q

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

A

agoraphobia

62
Q

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

A

rumination

63
Q

a group of psychological disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

A

psychotic disorders

64
Q

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

Hallucinations

65
Q

(also called process schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

A

chronic schizophrenia

66
Q

(also called reactive schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event

A

acute schizophrenia

67
Q

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

A

somatic symptom disorder

68
Q

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

A

anorexia nervosa

69
Q

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

A

bulimia nervosa

70
Q

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

A

binge-eating disorder

AP PSYCH (9 decks)

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