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kinesiology > Unit 8 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardium

A

Specialized muscle tissue that forms the heart

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2
Q

Pulmonary Circulation (The main function of the right side of the heart)

A

The main function of the right side of the heart is to pump deoxygenated blood which has just returned to the body to lungs

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3
Q

Systemic Circulation (The main role of the left side of the heart)

A

to pump oxygenated blood which has just returned from the lungs, to the rest of the body

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Systemic Circulation (Arteries)

A

Oxygenated blood from left side of the heart towards body tissues

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6
Q

Pulmonary circulation (Arteries)

A

Arteries carry deoxygenatted blood from right side of the heart towards the lungs

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7
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessles that carry blood towards the heart

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

→ Smallest of the blood vessles
Enable to exchange of water, O2, CO2, nutrients and waste substance between blood and the tissues of the body

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8
Q

Arterioles

A

→ Vessles in the blood circulation system that branch out from arteries and lead to capillaries where gas exchange eventually occurs
Surrounded by smooth muscle, they are the primary site of vascular resistance

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8
Q

Systemic Circulation (Veins)

A

Deoxygenated blood towards the right side of the heart from body tissues

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9
Q

Pulmonary circulation (Veins)

A

Arteries carry oxygenatted blood towards the left side of the heart

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

→ Smallest of the blood vessles
Enable to exchange of water, O2, CO2, nutrient

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11
Q

Electrocardiogram - Atrial depolorization (P wave):

A

Relaxation of atria

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12
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

→ Detects rate of heart beat
When the line goes flat it is called fibrulation

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13
Q

Electrocardiogram - Ventrical Depolarization (QRS):

A

Action potential in other direction and contraction of ventricles

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14
Q

Coronary Circulation

A

The system of vessels that supply essential materials via blood to the heart muscle itself

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14
Q

Electrocardiogram - Ventrical Repolarization (T wave):

A

Relaxation of ventricles

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15
Q

Effects of Training on Q and SV

A

Smoking,
Elevated Blood Lipids, Bad Cholesterols
Hypertension,
Family history,
Physical inactivity.

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16
Q

Cardiac Output (Q) → Q =

A

the amount of blood pumped in the heart in one minute (Out of the left ventricle)

17
Q

Stroke Volume (SV) →

A

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat

18
Q

Blood Pressure =

A

Systolic/Diastolic = 120/80

18
Q

Stroke Volume =

A

End-Diastolic Volume - End-Systolic Volume

19
Q

Systolic

A

Pressure on the artery during contraction

20
Q

Diastolic

A

Pressure on the artery during relaxation

21
Q

Ejection Faction →

A

% of blood ejected from left ventricle
How much blood is staying the heart during a single beat

22
Q

Heart Rate

A

Beats Per Minute (BPM)

23
Q

Effects of of Exercise →

A

The heart and the vessels constantly adapt to accommodate the ever-changing requirements of the body during exercise
Cardiac output (Q),
Blood pressure (BP),
Distribution of blood flow, and
Oxygen consumption (VO2)

23
Q

Cardiac Output (Q) =

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

24
Q

Tachycardia

A

heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest

25
Q

Bradycardia

A

heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less at rest

26
Q

External Respiration →

A

Within the lungs involving the exchange of O2 and CO2

27
Q

Internal Respiration →

A

Exchange of gases at tissue level where O2 is delivered and CO2 is removed

28
Q

Conductive Zone

A

Transports filtered air to the lungs
Mouth
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
primary and secondary bronchi and tertiary bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

29
Q

Cellular Respiration →

A

Process in which the cell uses O2 to generate energy in the mitochondria of the cell

30
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A

Supply O2 to the blood
Remove CO2 from the blood
Regulate blood pH (acid-base balance)

31
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

gas exchange occurs
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and the alveolar sacs are all structures of the respiratory zone that are involved with the exchange of gasses between inspired air and the blood

32
Q

Ve - Ventilation

A

Volume of air moved by lungs in 1 minute Ve = Vt x F

33
Q

Asthma

A

a disease that is characterized by spasm of the smooth muscles that line the respiratory system, an oversecretion of mucus, and swelling of the cells lining the respiratory tract.

34
Q

Inspiration

A

O2 enters
Diaphragm moves down creating space for lungs to expand

34
Q

Expiration

A

CO2 exits
Diaphragm moves down creating space for lungs to expand

35
Q

factors can lead to an asthma attack

A

exercise, allergic reaction, contaminates, and stress

36
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

family of diseases that lead to a dramatic reduction in airflow through the respiratory system.
Individuals with COPD cannot perform normal everyday activities without experiencing dyspnea (shortness of breath)

37
Q

Treatment of COPD

A

medications but also supplemental oxygen therapy for severe cases, as well as respiratory muscle training

38
Q

VO2max

A

is the maximum volume
(V) of oxygen (O2) in millilitres that the human body can use in one minute, per kilogram of body weight, while breathing air at sea level

39
Q

OBLA

A

When lactate levels begin to accumulate rapidly in the blood (Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation)

kinesiology (8 decks)

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