Unit 8 - Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Flashcards
Myocardium
Specialized muscle tissue that forms the heart
Pulmonary Circulation (The main function of the right side of the heart)
The main function of the right side of the heart is to pump deoxygenated blood which has just returned to the body to lungs
Systemic Circulation (The main role of the left side of the heart)
to pump oxygenated blood which has just returned from the lungs, to the rest of the body
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Systemic Circulation (Arteries)
Oxygenated blood from left side of the heart towards body tissues
Pulmonary circulation (Arteries)
Arteries carry deoxygenatted blood from right side of the heart towards the lungs
Veins
Blood vessles that carry blood towards the heart
Capillaries
→ Smallest of the blood vessles
Enable to exchange of water, O2, CO2, nutrients and waste substance between blood and the tissues of the body
Arterioles
→ Vessles in the blood circulation system that branch out from arteries and lead to capillaries where gas exchange eventually occurs
Surrounded by smooth muscle, they are the primary site of vascular resistance
Systemic Circulation (Veins)
Deoxygenated blood towards the right side of the heart from body tissues
Pulmonary circulation (Veins)
Arteries carry oxygenatted blood towards the left side of the heart
Capillaries
→ Smallest of the blood vessles
Enable to exchange of water, O2, CO2, nutrient
Electrocardiogram - Atrial depolorization (P wave):
Relaxation of atria
Electrocardiogram
→ Detects rate of heart beat
When the line goes flat it is called fibrulation
Electrocardiogram - Ventrical Depolarization (QRS):
Action potential in other direction and contraction of ventricles
Coronary Circulation
The system of vessels that supply essential materials via blood to the heart muscle itself
Electrocardiogram - Ventrical Repolarization (T wave):
Relaxation of ventricles
Effects of Training on Q and SV
Smoking,
Elevated Blood Lipids, Bad Cholesterols
Hypertension,
Family history,
Physical inactivity.
Cardiac Output (Q) → Q =
the amount of blood pumped in the heart in one minute (Out of the left ventricle)
Stroke Volume (SV) →
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
Blood Pressure =
Systolic/Diastolic = 120/80
Stroke Volume =
End-Diastolic Volume - End-Systolic Volume
Systolic
Pressure on the artery during contraction
Diastolic
Pressure on the artery during relaxation
Ejection Faction →
% of blood ejected from left ventricle
How much blood is staying the heart during a single beat
Heart Rate
Beats Per Minute (BPM)
Effects of of Exercise →
The heart and the vessels constantly adapt to accommodate the ever-changing requirements of the body during exercise
Cardiac output (Q),
Blood pressure (BP),
Distribution of blood flow, and
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
Cardiac Output (Q) =
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Tachycardia
heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute at rest
Bradycardia
heart rate of 60 beats per minute or less at rest
External Respiration →
Within the lungs involving the exchange of O2 and CO2
Internal Respiration →
Exchange of gases at tissue level where O2 is delivered and CO2 is removed
Conductive Zone
Transports filtered air to the lungs
Mouth
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
primary and secondary bronchi and tertiary bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
Cellular Respiration →
Process in which the cell uses O2 to generate energy in the mitochondria of the cell
Functions of the respiratory system
Supply O2 to the blood
Remove CO2 from the blood
Regulate blood pH (acid-base balance)
Respiratory Zone
gas exchange occurs
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and the alveolar sacs are all structures of the respiratory zone that are involved with the exchange of gasses between inspired air and the blood
Ve - Ventilation
Volume of air moved by lungs in 1 minute Ve = Vt x F
Asthma
a disease that is characterized by spasm of the smooth muscles that line the respiratory system, an oversecretion of mucus, and swelling of the cells lining the respiratory tract.
Inspiration
O2 enters
Diaphragm moves down creating space for lungs to expand
Expiration
CO2 exits
Diaphragm moves down creating space for lungs to expand
factors can lead to an asthma attack
exercise, allergic reaction, contaminates, and stress
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
family of diseases that lead to a dramatic reduction in airflow through the respiratory system.
Individuals with COPD cannot perform normal everyday activities without experiencing dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Treatment of COPD
medications but also supplemental oxygen therapy for severe cases, as well as respiratory muscle training
VO2max
is the maximum volume
(V) of oxygen (O2) in millilitres that the human body can use in one minute, per kilogram of body weight, while breathing air at sea level
OBLA
When lactate levels begin to accumulate rapidly in the blood (Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation)
