Unit 6 - The Muscular System

Question 1

Smooth Muscles

Answer 1

• Surrounding the body’s internal organs
• Smooth muscle tissue contracts more slowly than skeletal muscles, but can remain contracted for longer periods of time
• involuntary.

Question 2

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 2

• found in only the heart
• responsible for creating the action that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body
• involuntary muscles

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 3

attached to the bones and are voluntary

Question 4

Shortening of Muscles

Answer 4

Concentric contraction

Question 5

Lengthening of Muscles

Answer 5

Eccentric contraction

Question 6

Static Movement of Muscles

Answer 6

Isometric contraction

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

The muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part

Question 8

Antagonisst

Answer 8

The muscle that counteracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts

Question 9

Origin

Answer 9

he point where the muscle attaches to the more stationary of the bones of the axial skeleton

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

point where the muscle attaches to the bone that is moved most

Question 11

Anatomy of Muscle

Answer 11

Sarcolemma: A plasma membrane that lies beneath the endomysium, a sheath of
connective tissue that surrounds a muscle fibre.
Sarcoplasm. The muscle cell’s cytoplasm, which is contained by the sarcolemma.
Sarcomere: The units of skeletal muscle containing the cellular proteins myosin and actin.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: A network of channels in each muscle fibre that transport the electrochemical substances involved in muscle activation

Question 12

The motor Unit

Answer 12

The motor neuron, its axon (pathway), and the muscle fibres it stimulates

Question 13

All or None Principle

Answer 13

This principle stipulates that, when a motor unit is stimulated to contract, it will do so to its fullest potential

Question 14

2 Examples of Tendonitis

Answer 14

Golfer’s Elbow and Tennis Elbow

Question 14

Tendonitis

Answer 14

Injuries often occur due to the enormous forces generated where muscle attaches to bone

Question 15

What are reflexes

Answer 15

Automatic, rapid and unconscious response, physical movement, control

Question 16

Cerebral Reflexes

Answer 16

Centre, control for the reflex is located in the brain

Question 17

Spinal Reflexes

Answer 17

Located in the spinal cord

Question 18

Autonomic Reflexes

Answer 18

Mediated by autonomic division of the nervous system and usually involve the activation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 18

Somatic Reflexes

Answer 18

Voluntary or involuntary, coordination and stimulation of muscles

Question 19

Reflex Arc

Answer 19

SImple neural pathway along which an initial sensory stimulus and a corresponding message chanel

Question 20

5 parts of the reflex arc

Answer 20

1. Sensory Receptor, receives initial stimulus (ex. Smell - Olfactory organs)
2. Sensory (or Afferent) Nerve, which carries the impulse and sensory to the spinal column or brain
3. Intermediate Nerve Fibre (Interneuron): Interprets signal and issues a response
4. Motor (of Efferent) Nerve: Carries response from the spinal cord to the muscle or organ
5. Effector Organ

Question 21

Proprioception

Answer 21

Person’s ability to the sense the position, orientation, and movement of body

Question 22

Proprioceptors

Answer 22

sensory receptors in muscles, tendon, joints and the inner ear that detect the motion or position of the entire body

Question 23

Muscle Spindle

Answer 23

Within a muscle fibre that help to maintain tension; stretch detectors

Question 24

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 24

Monitor tension that merge into the tendon. Tension detectors

Question 25

Mono-synaptic Reflexes

Answer 25

One nerve (ex. Doctor testing reflexes)

Question 26

Poly-synaptic Reflexes

Answer 26

Many nerves (Jumping from being scared)