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Kinesiology > Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Midline:

A

divides into left and right

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2
Q

Posterior:

A

Back of body

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3
Q

Anterior:

A

Front of body

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4
Q

Superior:

A

Uppermost part of core body

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5
Q

Inferior:

A

Lowermost part of core body

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6
Q

Proximal:

A

Uppermost part of Limbs

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7
Q

DIstal:

A

Lowermost part of Limbs

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8
Q

Medial:

A

Towards the midline

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9
Q

Lateral:

A

Away from the midline

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10
Q

Superficial:

A

Towards the surface of body

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11
Q

Deep:

A

Within the inside of body

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12
Q

Plane and Axis of Spin

A

Longitudinal Axis and Trasverse Plane

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13
Q

Plane and Axis of Front Flip

A

Saggittal Plane and horizontal Axis

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14
Q

Plane and Axis of Cartwheel

A

Frontal Plane and Anterior-Posterior Axis

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15
Q

Flexion:

A

Joint is becoming more acute

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16
Q

Extension:

A

Joint is becoming more obtuse

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17
Q

Abduction:

A

Moves away from body (Laterally)

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18
Q

Adduction:

A

Moves towards body (Medial)

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19
Q

Plantar Flexion:

A

Toes are pushing down (Angle obtuse with ankle)

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20
Q

Dorsiflexion:

A

Toes are raised up (Angle acute with ankle)

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21
Q

Supination:

A

Rotating of your palm so your hand is facing forward (Ulna and radius are parallel)

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22
Q

Pronation:

A

Rotating of your palm so your hand is facing backwards (Ulna and radius are crossed)

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23
Q

Inversion:

A

Outer edge of your ankle joint

24
Q

Eversion:

A

Inner edge of your ankle joint

25
Q

Internal Rotation:

A

Turning body inward from midline

26
Q

External Rotation:

A

Turning body outward from midline

27
Q

Elevation:

A

Movement in upward direction

28
Q

Opposition:

A

Thumb closing with finger

29
Q

Depression:

A

Movement in downward direction

30
Q

Circumduction:

A

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction (Softball pitcher doing a windmill motion)

31
Q

Reposition:

A

Thumb back to anatomical position

32
Q

Protraction:

A

Body part going forward

33
Q

Retraction:

A

Body part going back

34
Q

5 Main Functions of Skeletal System

A

Structural support: Bracing, rigidity and structure
Protection: For organs
Growth center for cells: Create red blood cells and platelets
Reservoir of minerals: Reservoir to regulate the level of calcium and phosphorus in body
Movement: Muscles attach to bones by tendons and ligaments. Muscles contract and move bones to facilitate movement

35
Q

5 Types of Bones with function and examples

A

Long bones: Movement (12 in body; ex. ulna, radius, humorous, femur, tibia, fibula)
Flat bone: Protection (ex. bones of the skull)
Irregular bone: Movement, multifunctionality and protection (ex. vertebrae protects the nervous system and spinal cord)
Sesamoid bone: Structure and movement; connecting tendon to bone (ex. patella)
Short bone: Dexterity and fine motor skills (ex. carpal or wrist bone)

36
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Core - Protect, stabilize
80 bones

37
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Limbs - Movement
206 bones

38
Q

Landmarks

A

Ridge, bump or grove on the bone as an identifying marker
Ex. Scapula - glenohumeral cavity

39
Q

Anatomy of Longbone (12 parts)

A

Cartilage: smooth movement and cushioning
Epiphyseal plate: growth plate and growth capacity
Epiphysis: ends of long bones
Diaphysis: Middle of long bones
Spongy bone: Strengthening and storage for nutrients
Bone marrow: Blood is created (Platelets and white blood cells)
Periosteum: (Muscle to tendon to periosteum)
Compact: Hard Part of bone
Cortex: Outer part
Cartilage: Soft cushion and movement
Tuberosity: Ridge/bump that is used for attachment of tendons
Epicondyle: Sides that stick out

40
Q

3 Types of Bone Fractures:

A

Compound, Comminuted and Simple

41
Q

What is osteoperosis?

A

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to increased risk of fracture

42
Q

How to prevent/treat osteoperosis

A

Bone Density
Scans
Weight Bearing Exercises
Balanced Diet in Calcium and Vitamin D
Healthy Lifestyle (No Smoking, Drinking, etc)

43
Q

3 Types of Joints with examples and definition

A

Fibrous: Immovable; protection (ex. Joint of skull)
Cartilaginous: Slight movement; protection (ex. Spine and nose)
Synovial (Fluid; allows for smooth movement): Movable; Appendicular (ex. Shoulder ball and socket joining)

44
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Periosteum function

A

Links the muscle to the tendon to the bone

45
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Joint Cavity function

A

Filled with synovial fluid, lubrication in the joint

46
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Joint Capsule function

A

Membrane that holds everything together

47
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Tendon function

A

Attach muscle to bone

48
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Blood Vessels function

A

Nerves; veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

49
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Ligaments function

A

Connect bone to bone

50
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Articular Cartilage function

A

Cushioning/ Smooth movement

51
Q

Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Bursae

A

Friction Points

52
Q

6 Types of Synovial Joints with examples and definition

A

Ball and Socket: (ex. Hip and Shoulder)
Gliding: (ex. Tarsals and Carpals)
Hinge: Operates like a door, two directions (ex. Jaw)
Pivot: Twists (ex. Neck)
Sattle: Joint movement in two planes (ex. Thumb)
Elipsoid: Joint movement in two planes (ex. Wrist)

53
Q

Dislocation

A

a bone is displaced from its joint

54
Q

separation

A

A separation is more serious than a dislocation. In a shoulder separation, the ligaments attaching the collarbone (clavicle) and shoulder blade (scapula) are disrupted.

55
Q

sprain

A

an injury to the ligaments around a joint

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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