Unit 8 Flashcards
A complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
Instinct
The idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive reduction theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Yerkes-Dodson law
Maslows pyramid of humans needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must find be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of needs
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
Glucose
The point at which an individual’s “ weight thermostat ” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Set point
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal metabolic rate
The four stages of sexual responding- experiment, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual response cycle
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory period
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual dysfunction
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics.
Estrogens
The most important of the male sex hormones.
Testosterone
A response of the whole organism, involving psychological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience
Emotion
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our psychological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
James-Lange theory
The theory than an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers psychological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
Cannon-Bard theory
The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label and arousal
Two factor theory
A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.
Polygraph
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
Facial feedback effect
A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Health psychology
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Stress
Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases- alarm, resistance, exhaustion
General adaptation syndrome(GAS)
Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Tend-and-befriend response
Literally, “ mind- body ” illness; any stress - related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.
Psychophysiological illness
The study of how psychological neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Psychoneuroimmunology
The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system
Lymphocytes
The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developed countries
Coronary heart disease
Friedham and Rosenmans term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type A
Friedman and Rosenmans term for easygoing, relaxed people
Type B
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Motivation
