Unit 8

Question 1

A complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

Answer 1

Instinct

Question 2

The idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 2

Drive reduction theory

Question 3

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 4

Incentive

Question 5

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

Answer 5

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 6

Maslows pyramid of humans needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must find be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Answer 6

Hierarchy of needs

Question 7

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

The point at which an individual’s “ weight thermostat ” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Answer 8

Set point

Question 9

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Answer 9

Basal metabolic rate

Question 10

The four stages of sexual responding- experiment, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 10

Sexual response cycle

Question 11

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 11

Refractory period

Question 12

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Answer 12

Sexual dysfunction

Question 13

Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics.

Answer 13

Estrogens

Question 14

The most important of the male sex hormones.

Answer 14

Testosterone

Question 15

A response of the whole organism, involving psychological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience

Answer 15

Emotion

Question 16

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our psychological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Answer 16

James-Lange theory

Question 17

The theory than an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers psychological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 17

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 18

The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label and arousal

Answer 18

Two factor theory

Question 19

A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.

Answer 19

Polygraph

Question 20

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.

Answer 20

Facial feedback effect

Question 21

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Answer 21

Health psychology

Question 22

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Answer 22

Stress

Question 23

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Answer 23

General adaptation syndrome(GAS)

Question 24

Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Answer 24

Tend-and-befriend response

Question 25

Literally, “ mind- body ” illness; any stress - related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.

Answer 25

Psychophysiological illness

Question 26

The study of how psychological neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Answer 26

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 27

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system

Answer 27

Lymphocytes

Question 28

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Answer 28

Coronary heart disease

Question 29

Friedham and Rosenmans term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Answer 29

Type A

Question 30

Friedman and Rosenmans term for easygoing, relaxed people

Answer 30

Type B

Question 31

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 31

Motivation