Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP pychology > Unit 2. > Flashcards

Unit 2. Flashcards

1
Q

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

A

Critical thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior or events

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures(operations) used in a research study

A

Operational definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to the other participants and circumstances

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

A

Case study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

A

Naturalistic observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

A

Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample

A

Sampling bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

A

Random sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other

A

Correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A statistical index of the relationship between two variables

A

Correlation coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation

A

Scatter plot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The perception of a relationship where none exists

A

Illusory correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A research method in which an investigator, manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

A

Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to me version of the independent variable

A

Experimental group

18
Q

In an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

A

Control group

19
Q

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups

A

Random assignment

20
Q

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies

A

Double-blind procedure

21
Q

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes in an active agent

A

Placebo effect

22
Q

The experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied

A

Independent variable

23
Q

A factor other then the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

A

Confounding variable

24
Q

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

A

Dependent variable

25
Q

The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to

A

Validity

26
Q

Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation

A

Descriptive statistics

27
Q

A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

A

Histogram

28
Q

The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

A

Mode

29
Q

The arithmetic average of a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

A

Mean

30
Q

The middle score in a distribution; half the score are above it and the dividing by the number of scores

A

Median

31
Q

A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value

A

Skewed distribution

32
Q

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in distribution

A

Range

33
Q

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

A

Standard deviation

34
Q

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes

A

Normal curve

35
Q

Numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data that probability of something being true of a population

A

Inferential statistics

36
Q

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

A

Statistical significance

37
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

Culture

38
Q

An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

A

Informed consent

39
Q

The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants

A

Debriefing

40
Q

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

A

Hindsight bias

AP pychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions