Unit 6 Part 1

Question 1

The processing of information into the memory system

Answer 1

Encoding

Question 2

The process of retaining encode information over time

Answer 2

Storage

Question 3

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Answer 3

Retrieval

Question 4

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains neutral mode of information processing of many functions

Answer 4

Parallel processing

Question 5

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 5

Sensory memory

Question 6

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly

Answer 6

Short-term memory

Question 7

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory system

Answer 7

Long term memory

Question 8

A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of, information retrieved from long term memory

Answer 8

Working memory

Question 9

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”

Answer 9

Explicit memory

Question 10

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 10

Effortful processing

Question 11

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency

Answer 11

Automatic processing

Question 12

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Answer 12

Implicit memory

Question 13

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

Answer 13

Ionic memory

Question 14

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Answer 14

Echoic memory

Question 15

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Answer 15

Chunking

Question 16

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 16

Mnemonics

Question 17

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 17

Spacing effect

Question 18

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information

Answer 18

Testing effect

Question 19

Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

Answer 19

Shallow processing

Question 20

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words; tends to yield the best retention

Answer 20

Deep processing

Question 21

A neutral center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 21

Hippocampus

Question 22

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 22

Flashbulb memory

Question 23

An increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation

Answer 23

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Question 24

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

Answer 24

Recall

Question 25

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned

Answer 25

Recognition

Question 26

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Answer 26

Relearning

Question 27

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Answer 27

Priming

Question 28

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with knee current good or bad mood

Answer 28

Mod congruent memory

Question 29

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 29

Serial position effect

Question 30

An inability to form new memories

Answer 30

Anterograde amnesia

Question 31

An inability to retrieve information from ones past

Answer 31

Retrograde amnesia

Question 32

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Answer 32

Proactive interference

Question 33

The disruptive effects of new learning on the recall of old information

Answer 33

Retroactive interference

Question 34

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts feelings, and memories

Answer 34

Repression

Question 35

Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event

Answer 35

Misinformation effect

Question 36

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about or imagined

Answer 36

Source amnesia

Question 37

“I’ve experienced this before”

Answer 37

Déjà vu

Question 38

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 38

Memory