Unit 6 Part 2 Flashcards
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Concept
A mental image or best example of a category
Prototype
The ability to produce novel and value ideas
Creativity
Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
Convergent thinking
Expands the number of possible problem solutions
Divergent thinking
A methodical, logical rule or procedures that guarantees solving a particular problem
Algorithm
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
Heuristic
A sudden realization of a problems solution
Insight
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Confirmation bias
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way
Mental set
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
Intuition
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes
Representativeness heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Availability heuristic
The tendency to be more confident than correct
Overconfidence
Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Belief perseverance
The way an issue is posed
Framing
Our spoken, written, or signed words and they ways we combine them to communicate meaning
Language
In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
Phoneme
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning
Morpheme
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Grammar
Beginning at about 4 months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
Babbling stage
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
One-word stage
Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two word statements
Two-word stage
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- “go car”- using mostly nouns and verbs
Telegraphic speech
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to Wernicke’s area
Aphasia
Controls language expression
Broca’s area
Controls language reception
Wernicke’s area
Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think
Linguistic determinism
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Cognition
