Part 2 Flashcards
The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster
Fovea
Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape angle and movement
Feature detectors
The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
Parallel processing
The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision
Opponent-process theory
An organized whole
Gestalt
The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings
Figure-ground
The perpetual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Grouping
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance
Depth perception
A laboratory device for testing depth perceptions in infants and young animals
Visual cliff
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes
Binocular cues
A binocular cue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes.
Retinal disparity
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Monocular cues
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Phi phenomenon
Perceiving objects as unchanging shapes, sizes brightness, even as illumination and retinal images change
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having a consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelength reflected by the object
Color constancy
In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Perceptual adaptation
The sense or act of hearing
Audition
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Frequency
A tones experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
Pitch
The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window
Middle ear
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear.
Cochlea
The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
Inner ear
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves.
Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
Conduction hearing loss
A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
Cochlear implant
In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated
Place theory
In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone.
Frequency theory
The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
Gate-control theory
The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
Kinesthesia
The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
Vestibular sense
The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
Sensory interaction
In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments
Embodied cognition
The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there
Blind spot
