Unit 7.2 Review (Ch. 31-33) Flashcards
Ku Klux Klan
saw a resurgence during the 1920s as a response to increased European immigration and modern ideas that were changing American culture; where was previously, the KKK was focused mainly on repressing African-American access to civil rights, they expanded their views and were now anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist, anti-bootlegger, anti-gambling, anti-adultery, anti-birth control
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
set immigration restrictions at 3% of the nationality present during 1910 census
Immigration Act of 1924
further restricted immigration by changing the #s in the Emergency Quota Act of 1921; changed the census year to 1890, and limited the # to 2% of the total nationality present
Volstead Act/18th Amendment
Prohibition of alcohol; even though it passed, it was difficult to enforce; not widely popular with immigrants, since a lot of them had social customs that centered around alcohol consumption
Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925
trial of John T. Scopes; charged with teaching evolution in Dayton, TN, which was illegal; sparked a nationwide discussion about the separation of church and state and the education of America’s children when it came to science. Outcome was that Scopes was fired and fined for teaching evolution
Kellogg-Briand Pact
created in 1928 and signed by 62 countries; outlawed war as a diplomatic solution to world problems
Teapot Dome Scandal
After Harding’s death, it came out that his Sec. of Interior, Albert Fall, received a kickback (bribe) to illegally lease US Naval oil reserves to oil business men.
Harlem Renaissance
represented the first time in American history that African-Americans had their own cultural revolution; poets, artists, writers and musicians started to emerge in Harlem, New York; it represented a celebration of black culture in the US
Causes of the Great Depression
overproduction by farmers; decreased demand of manufactured products; high protective tariffs and a slow down of international trade
Election of 1928
Herbert Hoover (Republican) defeated Smith (Democrat) by a wide margin; Smith was a bit too progressive, and Catholic, for the American people at this time. Hoover had business and political experience, but still embodied small town America values that people wanted.
Hoover’s approach to the Great Depression
assisted business and banks, but not to individuals. He felt that the rugged individualism of the American people and faith in the system would see them through the depression
Hoovervilles
shanty towns made of cardboard boxes; labeled “Hoovervilles” to make fun of Hoover and the fact that he didn’t end the Depression.
Bonus Army / Bonus Expeditionary Force
WWI Veterans who marched on Washington DC to demand an early payout to their pension; they set up a Hooverville in DC, and Hoover ordered the military to remove them - military ended up using force and Hoover felt badly about the situation
Hundred Days
First 100 days of FDR’s term; refers to all the new legislation/programs he implemented in the first 100 days he was in office
FDR
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democratic candidate; defeated Hoover in the 1932 election
New Deal
FDR’s plan to end the Great Depression; included relief, recovery and reform measures.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Relief measure of the New Deal; meant to provide employment on useful projects (public libraries, schools, hospitals, bridges, roads); not all were building projects, some were community improvement projects, like the Federal Art project
Glass-Steagall Act
created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, which insured bank deposits
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
gov’t program that hired unemployed young men to make improvements in rural areas and National Parks; work like planting trees, installing picnic areas, etc.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
paid farmers not to farm; stored surplus crops until the market improved
Resettlement Administration
set up a New Deal organization to relocate farmers from the Dust Bowl stricken region to areas with better farm land
Federal Securities Act/Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
Fed Sec Act - required companies to issue sworn statements about the health of the company/stock to investors
SEC = furthered the Fed Sec Act;designed to be a “watchdog” over the nation’s stock market; meant to protect the public from fraud, deception and inside manipulation
Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Act; protected the rights of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively
Court-Packing Plan of 1937
FDR planned to increase the # of justices on the Supreme Court from 9 justices to 15 in order to “pack” the court with supporters of his New Deal legislation/programs; plan was not approved by Congress, but did jump start the courts to taking a more favorable view on Roosevelt’s New Deal programs during his 2nd term.
Dust Bowl
name given to the area in the lower mid-west where extreme drought and soil erosion created desperate conditions that had many farmers abandoning their farms (or declaring bankruptcy) and moving to California
