Unit 7.2 Review (Ch. 31-33)

Question 1

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 1

saw a resurgence during the 1920s as a response to increased European immigration and modern ideas that were changing American culture; where was previously, the KKK was focused mainly on repressing African-American access to civil rights, they expanded their views and were now anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-black, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist, anti-bootlegger, anti-gambling, anti-adultery, anti-birth control

Question 2

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Answer 2

set immigration restrictions at 3% of the nationality present during 1910 census

Question 3

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 3

further restricted immigration by changing the #s in the Emergency Quota Act of 1921; changed the census year to 1890, and limited the # to 2% of the total nationality present

Question 4

Volstead Act/18th Amendment

Answer 4

Prohibition of alcohol; even though it passed, it was difficult to enforce; not widely popular with immigrants, since a lot of them had social customs that centered around alcohol consumption

Question 5

Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925

Answer 5

trial of John T. Scopes; charged with teaching evolution in Dayton, TN, which was illegal; sparked a nationwide discussion about the separation of church and state and the education of America’s children when it came to science. Outcome was that Scopes was fired and fined for teaching evolution

Question 6

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 6

created in 1928 and signed by 62 countries; outlawed war as a diplomatic solution to world problems

Question 7

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 7

After Harding’s death, it came out that his Sec. of Interior, Albert Fall, received a kickback (bribe) to illegally lease US Naval oil reserves to oil business men.

Question 8

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 8

represented the first time in American history that African-Americans had their own cultural revolution; poets, artists, writers and musicians started to emerge in Harlem, New York; it represented a celebration of black culture in the US

Question 9

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 9

overproduction by farmers; decreased demand of manufactured products; high protective tariffs and a slow down of international trade

Question 10

Election of 1928

Answer 10

Herbert Hoover (Republican) defeated Smith (Democrat) by a wide margin; Smith was a bit too progressive, and Catholic, for the American people at this time. Hoover had business and political experience, but still embodied small town America values that people wanted.

Question 11

Hoover’s approach to the Great Depression

Answer 11

assisted business and banks, but not to individuals. He felt that the rugged individualism of the American people and faith in the system would see them through the depression

Question 12

Hoovervilles

Answer 12

shanty towns made of cardboard boxes; labeled “Hoovervilles” to make fun of Hoover and the fact that he didn’t end the Depression.

Question 13

Bonus Army / Bonus Expeditionary Force

Answer 13

WWI Veterans who marched on Washington DC to demand an early payout to their pension; they set up a Hooverville in DC, and Hoover ordered the military to remove them - military ended up using force and Hoover felt badly about the situation

Question 14

Hundred Days

Answer 14

First 100 days of FDR’s term; refers to all the new legislation/programs he implemented in the first 100 days he was in office

Question 15

FDR

Answer 15

Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democratic candidate; defeated Hoover in the 1932 election

Question 16

New Deal

Answer 16

FDR’s plan to end the Great Depression; included relief, recovery and reform measures.

Question 17

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Answer 17

Relief measure of the New Deal; meant to provide employment on useful projects (public libraries, schools, hospitals, bridges, roads); not all were building projects, some were community improvement projects, like the Federal Art project

Question 18

Glass-Steagall Act

Answer 18

created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp, which insured bank deposits

Question 19

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 19

gov’t program that hired unemployed young men to make improvements in rural areas and National Parks; work like planting trees, installing picnic areas, etc.

Question 20

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Answer 20

paid farmers not to farm; stored surplus crops until the market improved

Question 21

Resettlement Administration

Answer 21

set up a New Deal organization to relocate farmers from the Dust Bowl stricken region to areas with better farm land

Question 22

Federal Securities Act/Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)

Answer 22

Fed Sec Act - required companies to issue sworn statements about the health of the company/stock to investors
SEC = furthered the Fed Sec Act;designed to be a “watchdog” over the nation’s stock market; meant to protect the public from fraud, deception and inside manipulation

Question 23

Wagner Act

Answer 23

National Labor Relations Act; protected the rights of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively

Question 24

Court-Packing Plan of 1937

Answer 24

FDR planned to increase the # of justices on the Supreme Court from 9 justices to 15 in order to “pack” the court with supporters of his New Deal legislation/programs; plan was not approved by Congress, but did jump start the courts to taking a more favorable view on Roosevelt’s New Deal programs during his 2nd term.

Question 25

Dust Bowl

Answer 25

name given to the area in the lower mid-west where extreme drought and soil erosion created desperate conditions that had many farmers abandoning their farms (or declaring bankruptcy) and moving to California