Ch 34 & 35 Review Flashcards
Good Neighbor Policy
FDR’s plan to defend the western hemisphere from dictators using Latin American help; different than TR’s version b/c it looked to unite the hemisphere, instead of creating American imperialism
Reciprocal Trade Agreement
proposed by Sec of State Hull; would reduce American tariffs for foreign countries willing to reduce their tariffs in order to stimulate international trade
America’s isolationist policy
America wanted to remain isolated from European problems, so withdrew from conflict in Europe, and trusted the oceans to keep them protected. US regretted its involvement in WWI b/c of loss of American lives and because of the debts the gov’t was forced to deal with. At the time the war broke out, the US was also solely focused on getting out of the crippling Great Depression
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936 and 1937
US gov’t passed the Neutrality Acts of ‘35, ‘36, and ‘37, which resulted in less freedom of the seas and saw a decline in US naval forces. It also did little to balance the military capabilities between aggressor countries and US allies overseas
Munich Conference
Held in Sept., 1938 - Germany was granted the ability to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia (Czechoslovakia was not asked about this land take over)
Attack on Pearl Harbor
event that ended US neutrality in the war; pulled the United States into both a war in Europe and a war in the Pacific
Lend-Lease Program
loaned military equipment to Britain and effectively ended American “neutrality” in WWII, since we were not offering the same equipment deal to the Axis powers; this same deal was extended to the Soviet Union
Executive Order 9066
allowed for the eventual internment of Japanese-Americans because the fear was that they would aid Japan if a land invasion of the US took place; this was an unfounded fear, and showed some of the prejudice some Americans had towards the Japanese. The gov’t eventually apologized and paid reparations to surviving victims of internment in 1988, but at the time it took place, the US Supreme Court upheld the relocation and declared it constitutional
African Americans involvement in the war effort
many migrated from the south to the north and west to provide cheap labor in war manufacturing facilities, many worked to try to ensure a “double V,” helped to form CORE, which would take direct, non-violent action against racism at home. They were not allowed to fight in integrated combat units, most who joined the military served in support areas, and were not actually sent to the front.
Battle of Midway
turning point in the Pacific theater; represented one of the last Japanese offensives of WWII
island hopping
US strategy in the Pacific; US troops would “hop over” Japanese strong holds on their way to Japan
2nd European Front
Britain was reluctant to open a 2nd European front b/c they did not want a repeat of trench warfare in France; Germany was able to delay this 2nd front due to their effective use of their U-boats to interrupt north Atlantic shipping; FDR had promised the Soviets that a 2nd front would be opened by the end of 1942, but this proved a completely impossible promise to keep.
Teheran Conference
plans were finally made to open a 2nd front in Europe
Dwight Eisenhower
commander of the Normandy invasion (D-Day)
Potsdam Conference
held between the big 3 to determine what would happen to Eastern Europe after the war
