American Revolution Review Flashcards
What issues was France dealing with before it could begin colonizing in the Americas?
religious wars
The main resource France focused on in the Americas was
fur trading
How did the French relationship with the Native Americans differ from the British relationship?
French established an alliance with the Hurons that put them at odds with the Iroquois.
Why did the French want to control Louisiana?
Control of Louisiana gave the French control of the mouth of the Mississippi River
Why was France interested in the Ohio River Valley?
Control of the Ohio River Valley allowed the French to link their Canadian holdings with those in the south
In the colonies, the Seven Years’ War was called
the French and Indian War
Albany Congress
immediate goal: keep Iroquois loyal to British
long-term goal: colonial unity to defeat France
William Pitt
Prime Minister of Britain who came up with the Quebec-Montreal “strategy” to defeat the French
British and colonial troops relationship
British looked down on colonial troops and refused to recognize colonial officer appointments, while the colonists felt they were at the front edge of civilization
The French and Indian War made the colonists
more confident in their military skills
What piece of British legislation forced the colonists back across the Appalachian Mountains, and into the established 13 colonies
Proclamation of 1763
Because of the French and Indian War / Seven Years’ War the colonists
were required by the British gov’t to take on some of the financial responsibilities for the cost of the war
This economic system stated that whoever had the most gold/silver had the most power
Mercantilism
British mercantilism in the colonies
restricted lax bankruptcy laws; restricted colonial legislation deemed bad for British business; restricted the printing of colonial paper money; listed enumerated products that must be shipped/traded only with Britain
Mercantilism in the colonies
required the colonists to provide the British with raw materials; furnish naval supplies, including men; provide a market for British manufactured goods; not interfere with Britain’s wool trade
Navigation Laws
aimed at cutting Dutch shippers out of shipping transport, and required all imports into the colonies and exports out of the colonies go through Britain first; loosely enforced until after 1763
Sugar Act
British law that put taxes on French West Indies sugar; first of the revenue laws passed by Britain
Stamp Act
passed by Britain, putting a tax on legal documents, news papers, paper products, in order to raise $$ for military forces needed for colonial defense
The idea that all members of Parliament represent all British subjects is called
virtual representation
Townshend Acts
passed by Parliament, import taxes (duties) on items like paint, lead, glass and tea
Committees of Correspondence
an organize exchange of letters to keep opposition to British taxes alive
First Continental Congress
organized a list of grievances to present to the King
Advantages of colonists at the beginning of the American Revolution
strong civilian and military leaders; advantage of fighting for home and family; know the territory
Advantages of British at the beginning of the American Revolution
strong navy and military; available money; well trained troops
Disadvantages of colonists at the beginning of the American Revolution
lack of unity among colonies; lack of trained troops; lack of money
Disadvantages of British at the beginning of the American Revolution
fighting a “foreign war;” troops who have a “job,” not a calling; don’t know the land
Second Continental Congress
met to discuss the possibilities of independence for the colonies
Olive Branch Petition
was issued by the Second Continental Congress as a last ditch measure to avoid full out war between the colonists and British
Purpose of the Declaration of Independence
to explain to Britain and the rest of the world why the colonies were revolting; included a list of grievances between the colonies and the British
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
written in 1776; stated that the only logical solution to the conflict between the colonists and British was for the colonists to break away from the British Crown; called for a democratic republic
Tories / Loyalists
nickname for those colonists remained loyal to Britain
Alliance with France
gave Americans access to more troops, supplies and money that they needed to defeat the British
Why did some natives join the British side during the American Revolution?
Natives thought that the British government would be able to check the westward expansion of the colonists into Indian territory
