Unit #4 Review Cards

Question 1

push/pull factors for immigrants (Irish and German)

Answer 1

push factors: famine, civil war, lack of democracy, lack of available land
pull factors: available land, democratic traditions, need for unskilled labor

Question 2

Eli Whitney

Answer 2

invented the cotton gin; revolutionized the way that cotton was harvested/prepped for manufacturing, which lead to an increase in slavery in the south.

Question 3

2nd Great Awakening

Answer 3

religious revival that was more far reaching than the First Great Awakening; involved more women in religious leadership rolls and served as a gateway to more reform movements (ie: abolition of slavery, temperance, women’s rights); outcome was that it widened gaps between social groups and regions of the country

Question 4

Mormonism

Answer 4

started by Joseph Smith; Mormons were generally persecuted for some of their practices, including polygamy, voting as a community and openly drilling their own militia; group eventually moved to Utah and settled; religious practices of the group within the territory, most notably polygamy, delayed Utah’s statehood until 1896.

Question 5

Reformers of the early 1800s

Answer 5

Dorthea Dix - prison and asylum reform
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton - women’s rights activists
Harriet Beecher Stow - abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Frederick Douglass - former slave who, once he gained his freedom worked as a abolitionist
William Lloyd Garrison - abolitionist newspaper publisher/editor

Question 6

Manifest Destiny

Answer 6

idea that the United States should stretch across the whole continent, from ocean to ocean.

Question 7

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 7

proposed by David Wilmot; proposal that would ban slavery in all territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War (1846), bill was defeated in the Senate (where southern reps had enough support to kill it), but brought up the ongoing issue of slavery in newly acquired territory.

Question 8

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 8

important court case involving “midnight judges”; established the precedent of judicial review, making the Supreme Court the final say on legality of the Constitution

Question 9

Relations with Britain

Answer 9

Throughout the first 1/2 of the 1800s, relations between Britain and the US were complicated. They were generally tense, as the two countries found themselves on opposing sides of many issues, including the boundary between the US and Russian controlled west coast (present day British Columbia), as well as the long boundary between the US and Canada (Aroostook War); these interactions were interspersed with periods of both violence and peaceful resolution

Question 10

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 10

US was originally trying to purchase New Orleans from France; ended up buying Louisiana Territory for $15 million; Napoleon needed $$ to fight his wars in Europe and he was hoping to thwart the British from gaining control of it from Spain. He also wanted to prevent the US from creating stronger ties to the British

Question 11

Election of 1824

Answer 11

Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams and William Crawford are all candidates; Jackson wins the popular election, but not enough of the electoral vote; decision goes to the H of R (Clay is the Speaker of the House); Clay is out, Crawford has a stroke, decision comes down between Jackson and Adams; Clay encourages support of Adams, who is given the election and then makes Clay his Sec. of State (corrupt bargain)

Question 12

Missouri Compromise

Answer 12

MO was admitted as a slave state; ME was admitted as a free state (balance was kept); slavery would be prohibited in the Louisiana Territory above the 36 30’ line for all new states

Question 13

spoils system

Answer 13

used as part of the political setup; jobs would be given to party supporters by the newly elected administration; allowed many corrupt and incompetent officials to gain important positions, especially in Jackson’s administration

Question 14

Nullification Crisis

Answer 14

over Tariff of 1828; incredible high protective tariff gets passed, negatively impacting the economy in the South; SC legislature votes to nullify the tariff; Force Bill of 1833 is issued, which states that the President can use the military against individual states to force the collection of tariffs; crisis lasted until the Tariff of 1833 was passed as a compromise.

Question 15

Trail of Tears

Answer 15

Forced removal of the Cherokee Indians off their land in GA; they attempted to assimilate themselves into US society by having a constitution, owning slaves, becoming plantation owners and having private property - around 100,000 were forced off their ancestral land and were forced to abandon sacred sites; many died in route to Indian Territory in OK.

Question 16

Bank Bill of 1832

Answer 16

Jackson’s veto of the bank recharter was a vast expansion of presidential power; Jackson felt the bank was unconstitutional and tyrannical, controlled by the wealthy and because he thought the bank president, Nicholas Biddle, had too much power and would try to manipulate the situation to force the Bank’s recharter.