Unit 7 vocab Flashcards
Algorithm
a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
Artificial Intelligence
the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
Availability Heuristic
a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person’s mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.
Babbling Stage
a stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds, but does not yet produce any recognizable words
Belief Bias
is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion.
Belief Perserverance
the tendency for people to hold their beliefs as true, even when there is ample evidence to discredit the belief.
Cognition
a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behavior — compare behaviorism.
Computer Neural Networks
an artifical network or mathematical model for information processing based on how neurons and synapses work in the human brain
Concept
The individual’s belief about himself or herself, including the person’s attributes and who and what the self is
Creativity
as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.
Confirmation Bias
tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions, leading to statistical errors.
Fixaction
is a concept (in human psychology) that was originated by Sigmund Freud (1905) to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits.
Framing
effect is an example of cognitive bias, in which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented; e.g. as a loss or as a gain
Functional Fixedness
a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.
Grammar
the study of rules governing the use of language. .
Heuristic
are simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgments and make decisions.
Insight
is the understanding of a specific cause and effect within a specific context
Intuition
Gut feeling
Language
a system of symbols and rules that is used for meaningful communication
Linguistic Determinism
the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception.
Mental Set
the tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked in the past.
Morpheme
the smallest lingual unit that carries a semantic interpretation.
One-word Stage
During language development children go through stages during which their language gets better and better until they can finally speak fluently.
Over Confidence
effect is a well-established bias in which a person’s subjective confidence in his or her judgements is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgements, especially when confidence is relatively high.
Phoneme
a unit of sound in speech.
Prototype
is used for something original — an original form of something that serves as a standard.
Representative Heuristic
is used when making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty
Semantics
in other words, the aspect of memory that preserves only the gist, the general significance, of remembered experience
Syntax
is fundamental to the study of language. Syntax is the collection of rules that govern how words are assembled into meaningful sentences.
Telegraphic Speech
defined as a form of communication consisting of simple two-word long sentences often composed of a noun and a verb that adhere to the grammatical standards of the culture’s language.
Two-word Stage
Telegraphic speech, according to linguistics and psychology, is speech during the two-word stage of language acquisition in children, which is laconic and efficient.
