Unit 6 -Learning & Memory Flashcards
Learning
is often defined as a relatively lasting change in behavior that is the result of experience.
Classical Conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Association
refers to a mental connection between concepts, events, or mental states that usually stems from specific experiences.
Stimuli
any object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioral response in an organism.
Ivan Pavlov
best known for his work describing the psychological phenomenon of Classical Conditioning. From his work studying digestion in dogs, he observed that the dogs would salivate at the mere sight of food.
Behaviorism
A school of psychology that confines itself to the study of observable and quantifiable aspects of behavior and excludes subjective phenomena, such as emotions or motives.
John B. Watson
American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, which was given at Columbia University in 1913.
Unconditioned Stimulus
is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditioned Response
an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus
is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Neutral Stimulus
a stimulus which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention
Conditioned Response
For example, let’s suppose that the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus, a feeling of hunger in response the smell is a unconditioned response, and a the sound of a whistle is the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle.
Higher Order Conditioning
is a classical conditioning term that refers to a situation in which a stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce the same conditioned response as the conditioned stimulus
Acquisition
in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response
Extinction
the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced.
Spontaneous Recovery
was the reappearance of a Conditioned Response (CR) that had been extinguished.
Generalization
the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli
Discrimination
the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli
Biological Predisposistion
is when a subject (human, animal, plant) possesses some internal quality that gives them an increased likelihood of having a condition.
Operant Conditioning
Ok
Law of Effect
Ok
