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AP Psych 2 > Chapter 5-sleep > Flashcards

Chapter 5-sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Activation-synthesis dream theory

A

a neurobiological explanation of why we dream. … Harvard psychiatrists J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley first proposed their theory in 1977, suggesting that dreaming results from the brain’s attempt to make sense of neural activity that takes place during sleep.May 1, 2017

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2
Q

Agonists

A

a substance that binds to a specific receptor and triggers a response in the cell

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

is a chemical or drug that binds to receptors in the brain and prevents an agonist from having a reaction.

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4
Q

Alpha Waves

A

a type of brain wave that occur when a person is relaxed, but still awake.

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5
Q

Amphetamines

A

a type of stimulant that speeds up bodily processes, and includes caffeine (coffee, tea, soda), nicotene (cigarettes), and cocaine.

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6
Q

Barbiturates

A

class of drug derived from barbituric acid that is often used for medical purposes as a sedative and/or hypnotic.

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7
Q

Biological Rhythms

A

any cyclic change in the level of a bodily. chemical or function.

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8
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

a cycle that tells our bodies when to sleep, rise, eat–regulating many physiological processes.

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9
Q

Consciousness

A

refers to our awareness of our own mental processes, such as our thoughts, feelings, and sensations

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10
Q

Delta Waves

A

a type of high amplitude brain wave found in humans

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11
Q

Depressants

A

are drugs that inhibit the function of the central nervous system (CNS) and are among the most widely used drugs in the world.

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12
Q

Dissociation

A

the disconnection or separation of something from something else or the state of being disconnected.
“the dissociation between the executive and the

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13
Q

Dissociation Theory of Hypnosis

A

involves dissociation, a split in consciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of the rest of consciousness.

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14
Q

Dream

A

the division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided.

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15
Q

Dualism

A

the division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided.

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16
Q

Ecstasy

A

an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement.

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17
Q

Freudian Dream Interpretation

A

content is both the manifest and latent content in a dream, that is, the dream itself as it is remembered, and the hidden meaning of the dream.

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18
Q

Hallucinations

A

an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present.

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19
Q

Hallucinogens

A

a drug that causes hallucinations, such as LSD.

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20
Q

Hidden Observer

A

protects us from doing anything in hypnosis that we would not do under any circumstance consciously, such as causing someone else physical harm.

21
Q

Hypnosis

A

the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction. Its use in therapy, typically to recover suppressed memories or to allow modification of behavior by suggestion, has been revived but is still controversial

22
Q

Information-Processing Dream Theory

A

Developmental psychologists who adopt the information-processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturational changes in basic components of a child’s mind.

23
Q

Insomnia

A

habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.

24
Q

Latent Content

A

In Freudian dream analysis, content is both the manifest and latent content in a dream, that is, the dream itself as it is remembered, and the hidden meaning of the dream.

25
Q

LSD

A

A hallucinogen

26
Q

Manifest Content

A

Sigmund Freud suggested that the content of dreams is related to wish fulfillment. Freud believed that the manifest content of a dream, or the actual imagery and events of the dream, served to disguise the latent content or the unconscious wishes of the dreamer.

27
Q

Monism

A

a theory or doctrine that denies the existence of a distinction or duality in some sphere, such as that between matter and mind, or God and the world.

28
Q

Narcolepsy

A

a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings.

29
Q

Near Death Experience

A

an unusual experience taking place on the brink of death and recounted by a person after recovery, typically an out-of-body experience or a vision of a tunnel of light.

30
Q

Night Terrors

A

are a form of sleep disorder in which a person partially awakens from sleep in a state of terror. A sufferer of night terrors experiences an activation of his or her fight-or-flight system

31
Q

Opiates

A

a drug with morphinelike effects, derived from opium.

32
Q

Orexin

A

either of two hormones produced by the mammalian hypothalamus and functional in the regulation of appetite and sleep.

33
Q

Physical Dependence

A

a physiological state of adaptation to a substance, the absence of which produces symptoms and signs of withdrawal.

34
Q

Posthypnotic Amnesia

A

a person’s inability to recall events or information obtained while in a hypnotic state.

35
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

A suggestion made to a hypnotized person that specifies an action to be performed after awakening, often in response to a cue.

36
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior.

37
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

from a hollowing-out and incessant desire for more. Your individual psychological health is part of our collective wealth.

38
Q

REM Rebound

A

is the lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation.

39
Q

REM Sleep

A

sleep is the stage of sleep associated with quick, darting eye movements, the paralysis of major voluntary muscles, increased and irregular heart rate and breathing, and a high level of brain activity (comparable to brain activity when awake).

40
Q

Role Theory of Hypnosis

A

is when a person is not actually in an alternate state of consciousness, but rather is acting out the role of a hypnotized person.

41
Q

Sleep

A

is a recurring state of relaxation that is characterized by an altered state of consciousness, inhibited sensory activity, muscular inhibition, and severely reduced interaction with outside entities.

42
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

a serious, potentially life-threatening condition that is far more common than generally understood. First described in 1965, sleep apnea is a breathing disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep. It owes its name to the Greek word, apnea, meaning “want of breath.”

43
Q

Sleep Cycle

A

sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes and during that time we move through five stages of sleep. The first four stages make up our non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and the fifth stage is when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs.

44
Q

Sleep Stages

A

This stage is the beginning of deep sleep, as the brain begins producing slower delta waves. … Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep: You generally enter REM sleep about 90 minutes after initially falling asleep, and each REM stage can last up to an hour.

45
Q

State Theory of Hypnosis

A

Three main theories of hypnosis exist: Role theory is when a person is not actually in an alternate state of consciousness, but rather is acting out the role of a hypnotized person. Altered-state theory occurs when a person is actually hypnotized and is therefore in a different, or altered, state of mind.

46
Q

Stimulants

A

a substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.

47
Q

THC

A

a compound, C21H30O2, that is the physiologically active component in cannabis preparations (marijuana,

48
Q

Tolerance

A

the ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with.

49
Q

Withdrawal

A

the action of withdrawing something.

AP Psych 2 (9 decks)

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