Unit 7: Solutions, Acids, and Bases

Question 1

What is a solute?

Answer 1

A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution.

Question 2

What is a solvent?

Answer 2

A substance that a solute dissolves in.

Question 3

What factors affect solubility?

Answer 3

Molecular structure
Pressure
Temperature

Question 4

What is solubility?

Answer 4

Amount of solute that will dissolve per volume of solvent.

Question 5

What is molarity?

Answer 5

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 6

What is molality?

Answer 6

The number of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Question 7

What is mass percent?

Answer 7

Mass of solute/mass of solution x 100%

Question 8

What is Henry’s Law?

Answer 8

C = KP

Question 9

What does unequal distribution of charges on a molecule result in?

Answer 9

Polarity.

Question 10

What is polarity?

Answer 10

Having a positive pole on one end and negative on the other.

Question 11

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 11

A water-based solution.

Question 12

What is the dielectric property?

Answer 12

Decrease attraction between ions of different charges.

Question 13

What are electrolytes?

Answer 13

Loosened electricity needed to carry electrical signals in the body. They ionize or dissociates into ions when they dissolve in water.

Question 14

What is dissociation?

Answer 14

The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves.

Question 15

What is dispersion?

Answer 15

Something breaks into small pieces that spread throughout the water.

Question 16

What is ionization?

Answer 16

Neutral molecules gaining or losing electrons.

Question 17

What factors affect the rate of dissolving?

Answer 17

Stirring
Temperature
Particle size

Question 18

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 18

A solution that contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature.

Question 19

What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 19

A solution with less than the maximum amount of solute.

Question 20

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 20

A solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold.

Question 21

What is a solubility curve?

Answer 21

A graphing of the relationship between solubility and temperature.

Question 22

What is concentration?

Answer 22

The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution.

Question 23

What is an acid?

Answer 23

An ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Proton donors

Question 24

What is an alkali?

Answer 24

Oxygen reacted with reactive metals.

Question 25

What is the pH scale?

Answer 25

Measure of the concentration of hydroxonium or hydrogen ions.

Question 26

What are the properties of acids?

Answer 26

sour, conduct electricity when dissolved in water, react with metals, produce hydrogen gas when they do.

Question 27

What are indicators?

Answer 27

Substances that indicate the presence, absence, or concentration of another substance by means of a color change. These include litmus paper and red cabbage juice.

Question 28

What are bases?

Answer 28

Ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions. Proton acceptors.

Question 29

What is proton affinity?

Answer 29

The amount of energy that’s released as a compound bonds with hydrogen.

Question 30

What are the properties of bases?

Answer 30

Bitter taste, slippery, conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 31

What is neutralization?

Answer 31

A reaction between an acid and a base that yields a salt and water.

Question 32

What is a buffer?

Answer 32

A solution that resists large changes in pH.