Unit 7: Solutions, Acids, and Bases Flashcards
What is a solute?
A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution.
What is a solvent?
A substance that a solute dissolves in.
What factors affect solubility?
Molecular structure
Pressure
Temperature
What is solubility?
Amount of solute that will dissolve per volume of solvent.
What is molarity?
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is molality?
The number of solute per kilogram of solvent.
What is mass percent?
Mass of solute/mass of solution x 100%
What is Henry’s Law?
C = KP
What does unequal distribution of charges on a molecule result in?
Polarity.
What is polarity?
Having a positive pole on one end and negative on the other.
What is an aqueous solution?
A water-based solution.
What is the dielectric property?
Decrease attraction between ions of different charges.
What are electrolytes?
Loosened electricity needed to carry electrical signals in the body. They ionize or dissociates into ions when they dissolve in water.
What is dissociation?
The process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves.
What is dispersion?
Something breaks into small pieces that spread throughout the water.
What is ionization?
Neutral molecules gaining or losing electrons.
What factors affect the rate of dissolving?
Stirring
Temperature
Particle size
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains as much solute as the solvent can hold at a given temperature.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution with less than the maximum amount of solute.
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold.
What is a solubility curve?
A graphing of the relationship between solubility and temperature.
What is concentration?
The amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution.
What is an acid?
An ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Proton donors
What is an alkali?
Oxygen reacted with reactive metals.
What is the pH scale?
Measure of the concentration of hydroxonium or hydrogen ions.
What are the properties of acids?
sour, conduct electricity when dissolved in water, react with metals, produce hydrogen gas when they do.
What are indicators?
Substances that indicate the presence, absence, or concentration of another substance by means of a color change. These include litmus paper and red cabbage juice.
What are bases?
Ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions. Proton acceptors.
What is proton affinity?
The amount of energy that’s released as a compound bonds with hydrogen.
What are the properties of bases?
Bitter taste, slippery, conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
What is neutralization?
A reaction between an acid and a base that yields a salt and water.
What is a buffer?
A solution that resists large changes in pH.
