Unit 1: Intro to Science, Matter, and Composition Flashcards
What are the steps to the scientific method?
- State the problem
- Research the problem
- Form a hypothesis
- Test the hypothesis
- Analyze the data
- Retest
What are units of volume?
Liters
What are units of mass?
Grams
What are units of distance?
Meters
How long would you need to wash out your eye for if a chemical were to splash into it?
10 minutes
What is the prefix for 1000?
Kilo
What does the prefix Hecto mean?
100
What does the prefix Deka mean?
10
What is the prefix for 1/10?
Deci
What is the prefix for 1/100?
Centi
What does the prefix milli mean?
1/1000
What prefix means 1,000,000?
Mega
What does the prefix giga mean?
1,000,000,000
What is a pure substance?
A type of matter with the same composition; not mixed with anything else
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
What is a compound?
A substance with two or more atoms of multiple elements chemically combined.
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is energy?
The ability to do work.
What are atoms?
The building blocks that make up all matter.
What are mixtures?
Substances that contain many kinds of combinations together
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Does not have a definite composition, non uniform, the different compounds can be seen.
What is a homogenous mixture?
Does have a definite composition, specific properties, uniform, different components cannot be seen.
What is an alloy?
A type of homogenous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
What is a solution?
A type of homogenous mixture when substances completely dissolve
What is a suspension mixture?
A type of heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.
What is a colloid?
Contains particles intermediate in size, don’t separate into layers.
What does endothermic mean?
Phase change that absorbs energy from its surroundings.
What does exothermic mean?
Phase change that releases energy to the surroundings.
What are some endothermic changes?
Melting
Vaporization
Sublimation
What are some exothermic changes?
Freezing
Condensation
Deposition
What is deposition?
The phase straight from gas to solid
What is sublimation?
The phase change straight from solid to gas.
What is pressure?
The result of force distributed over an area.
What is Charles’s Law?
The volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant.
Equation:
V1/T1=V2/T2
What do the Kinetic Theory of Matter and the Theory of Heat state?
That molecules are in constant motion
What is Boyle’s Law?
At a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
Equation:
P1V1=P2V2
What is Combined Gas Law?
The ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
