Unit 4: Periodic Table Flashcards
Who is Dimitri Mendeleev?
He created the first periodic table in 1869.
What is Periodic Law?
The chemical and physical properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. The properties of elements follow a periodic or orderly, noticeable pattern of behavior.
What is a period in the periodic table?
It’s one of the rows.
What is a group in the periodic table?
It’s one of the columns.
What basic groups are elements classified into?
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
What is an atomic mass unit?
It’s a unit that is 1/12 the mass of carbon.
What are metals?
Elements that are good conductors of electricity, solid at room temperature (except mercury), and most are malleable.
What are some of the properties of metals?
Conduct electricity Relatively high melting points Conduct heat Shiny Ductile Malleable
What are nonmetals?
Elements that are poor conductors, with relatively low boiling points, good insulators, dull, brittle, solids or gases at room temperature.
What are metalloids?
Elements that have some of the properties of metals and some of nonmetals.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons that are in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. Maximum of 8 valence electrons.
What are alkali metals?
Metals in group 1 or 1A. Soft silvery metals that are extremely reactive, will react with water, not found in their pure state in nature. Have a single valence electron. Low density, with decreasing density moving down the table.
What are alkaline earth metals?
Metals in group 2A, not found in a pure state in nature, are slightly less reactive than alkali metals. 2 valence electrons.
What are halogens?
Elements in 7A or 17, very reactive nonmetals, colorful, corrosive. Have 7 valence electrons.
What are noble gases?
Elements in group 8A or 18, colorless, unreactive.
What are transition metals?
All the elements in groups 3-12. They make up about 60% of all known elements, have an inner electron shell, are high in density, and are very hard. Between the left and right sides of the table.
What is the boron group?
All the elements in group 13. Each has 3 valence electrons and are fairly reactive. All are solids at room temperature.
What is the carbon group?
All the elements in group 14 with 4 valence electrons. All are solid at room temperature and aren’t very reactive.
What is the nitrogen group?
All the elements in group 15. Each has five valence electrons.
What is the oxygen group?
All the elements in group 16. They each have 6 valence electrons and are very reactive.
What does monatomic mean?
Exists as single atoms.
What does inert mean?
Very unreactive because their valence shell is full.
