Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Unit 7 - Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

support and protect nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of glial cells?

A

astrocytes
oligodendroglia
ependymal
microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

create skeletal framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do oligodedroglia do?

A

make myelin (schwann cells do this in peripheral NS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

line ventricals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do microglia do?

A

act as scavengers and cleaners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are neurons?

A

Basic functional unit of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of neurons?

A

Interneurons

Motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do neurons do?

A

transmit nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the parts of a neuron, from dendrites to terminal bouton?

A

dendrites, axon, terminal bouton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the parts of neurotransmitters (?)

A

terminal boutons
synaptic cleft
receptive site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the process of neurotransmission?

A

neurotransmitter travels across synaptic cleft, received at the other side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

glutamate, Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are neuropeptides for?

A

modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do presynaptic and postsynaptic mean?

A

neurotransmitter released, activates neurotransmitter…????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the parts of the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Perceives and discriminates sensory stimulus, expresses emotion, is responsible for respiration, heartbeat, organizes and regulates behavior, thinking, and understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the basic parts of the brain?

A

cerebrum (hemispheres and cortex), basal ganglia, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three layers of the Meninges

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does fluid flow through the ventricles?

A

fluid starts (?) in two lateral ventricles, which empty into 3rd ventrical, which empty into narrow 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of the ventricles/CSF?

A

regulation of intercranial pressure
cleanses and nourishes CNS
shock absorber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is CFS produced and reabsorbed?

A

produced in choroid plexus, reabsorbed through venous system (arachnoid granulations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the surface features of the cerebrum?

A 
cortex
lobes
fissures
gyri
white matter
grey matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the central sulcus?
Fissure of rolando, divides front and back halves of brain (between frontal and parietal lobes
26
What is the lateral sulcus?
sylvian fissure, divides temporal lobes from parietal and frontal
27
What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?
divides parietal and occipital lobes
28
What is the longitudinal fissure?
divides the two hemispheres
29
What does the frontal lobe do?
-problem solving, personality, executive functioning, screening, motor cortex closer to central sulcus
30
What does the parietal lobe do?
integration of info from other lobes, sensory perception smell, memory, sensory perception and integration
31
what does the occipital lobe do?
vision
32
What does the temporal lobe do?
auditory perception, hearing, wernicke's (left)
33
What do primary cortex areas do?
initial aha moment of sense
34
What do association cortices do?
help interpret and integrate sensory info
35
which hemisphere is especially important for speech?
left
36
What is the cerebrum responsible for?
Higher level functions, sensorimotor integration, perception
37
What is the basal ganglia responsible for?
regulating motor system
38
What are the five components of the basal ganglia?
``` caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalmic nuclei substantia nigra (only need to recognize) ```
39
What is most important for us to know about the basal ganglia for this class?
BG has connections to and from a lot of other places in the brain
40
What is the purpose of the diencephalon?
Acts as a relay station
41
What are the parts of the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, hippocampus
42
What is the role of the thalamus?
All sensory information entering the brain has to go through the thalamus (except smell)
43
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
control center for ANS
44
What are the major parts of the hypothalamus?
optic chiasm, mamillary bodies, pituitary gland, infudibilum, fornix
45
What are the four responsibilities (?) of the hypothalamus?
fight, flight, food, sexual desire
46
What is the function of the epithalamus?
endocrine/limbic system
47
What are the parts of the epithalamus?
habenular nucleus, pineal gland
48
What essential (hormone? chemical?) does the hypothalamus produce?
melatonin
49
What is the purpose of the subthalamus?
regulating motor movement
50
What is the responsibility of the hippocampus?
memory
51
What is the responsibility of the cerebellum?
coordination and modulation of movement
52
What are the part of the brainstem?
pons, medulla, midbrain
53
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
frontal lobe
54
Where is primary motor cortex #4 located?
precentral gyrus
55
What do we know about primary motor #4?
mostly contralateral, sends motor commands to body... hands fingers, face, and lips have a lot of motor control, not toooo much to the trunk, legs, etc
56
What are the main parts of the frontal lobes (that we need to know)
primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, broca's area
57
Where is the sensory strip located?
post central gyrus
58
Where is wernicke's area located?
left temporal lobe
59
What is the superior surface of the primary auditory cortex called?
Heschl's gyri
60
What is the perisylvian region?
region around the sylvian fissure that we think is most responsible for speech and language
61
What is the purpose of Wernicke's area?
understanding and initial coding of speech sounds. (also a little bit of initial planning)
62
What is the purpose of broca's area?
motor planning for speech
63
What are the parts of the perisylvian region?
wernicke's area, broca's area, primary motor cortex, angular gyrus, acruate fasciculus, supramarginal gyrus
64
Which areas of the perisylvian region are related to reading and writing?
angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus
65
What is the path through the sylvian region?
speech picked up by PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX, gets sent to WERNICKE'S AREA where it is decoded a bit and the response starts to get planned. gets sent down ARCUATE FASCICULUS to BROCAS AREA where a motor plan is put together. goes back and forth for a bit before it goes to the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX to move the articulators
66
What are fiber tracts?
bundles of axons bundled together like cables
67
What are the three types of fiber tracts?
``` Projection fibers (long distance) Association fibers (intrahemispheric) Commissural Fibers (interhemispheric) ```
68
What are the four types of projection fiber tracts?
corona radiata sensory tract corticospinal tract corticobulbar tract
69
What do projection fibers do?
carry motor information from cortex to spinal cord or brain stem
70
What does the corpus callosum do?
connect right and left hemisphere
71
What is brodmann's map
"map" of the brain to help us locate specific parts
72
What is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord for?
innervation of the arms
73
What is the lumbar sacral enlargement?
nerves for legs
74
What are the two parts of the spinal nerves?
dorsal - sensory | ventral - motor
75
What are the two major vascular systems that feed the brain?
carotid, vertebral basilar system
76
What is the place where the carotid and vertebral basilar system come together?
circle of willis

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions