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Anatomy > Unit 7 - Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

support and protect nerve cells

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2
Q

What are the types of glial cells?

A

astrocytes
oligodendroglia
ependymal
microglia

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3
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

create skeletal framework

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4
Q

What do oligodedroglia do?

A

make myelin (schwann cells do this in peripheral NS)

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5
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

line ventricals

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6
Q

What do microglia do?

A

act as scavengers and cleaners

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7
Q

What are neurons?

A

Basic functional unit of the CNS

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8
Q

What are the two types of neurons?

A

Interneurons

Motor neurons

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9
Q

What do neurons do?

A

transmit nerve impulses

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10
Q

What are the parts of a neuron, from dendrites to terminal bouton?

A

dendrites, axon, terminal bouton

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11
Q

What are the parts of neurotransmitters (?)

A

terminal boutons
synaptic cleft
receptive site

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12
Q

What is the process of neurotransmission?

A

neurotransmitter travels across synaptic cleft, received at the other side

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13
Q

What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

glutamate, Ach

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14
Q

What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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15
Q

What are neuropeptides for?

A

modulation

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16
Q

What do presynaptic and postsynaptic mean?

A

neurotransmitter released, activates neurotransmitter…????

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17
Q

What are the parts of the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Perceives and discriminates sensory stimulus, expresses emotion, is responsible for respiration, heartbeat, organizes and regulates behavior, thinking, and understanding

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19
Q

What are the basic parts of the brain?

A

cerebrum (hemispheres and cortex), basal ganglia, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem

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20
Q

What are the three layers of the Meninges

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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21
Q

How does fluid flow through the ventricles?

A

fluid starts (?) in two lateral ventricles, which empty into 3rd ventrical, which empty into narrow 4th ventricle

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the ventricles/CSF?

A

regulation of intercranial pressure
cleanses and nourishes CNS
shock absorber

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23
Q

Where is CFS produced and reabsorbed?

A

produced in choroid plexus, reabsorbed through venous system (arachnoid granulations)

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24
Q

What are the surface features of the cerebrum?

A 
cortex
lobes
fissures
gyri
white matter
grey matter
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25
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Fissure of rolando, divides front and back halves of brain (between frontal and parietal lobes

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26
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

sylvian fissure, divides temporal lobes from parietal and frontal

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27
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

divides parietal and occipital lobes

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28
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

divides the two hemispheres

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29
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

-problem solving, personality, executive functioning, screening, motor cortex closer to central sulcus

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30
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

integration of info from other lobes, sensory perception

smell, memory, sensory perception and integration

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31
Q

what does the occipital lobe do?

A

vision

32
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

auditory perception, hearing, wernicke’s (left)

33
Q

What do primary cortex areas do?

A

initial aha moment of sense

34
Q

What do association cortices do?

A

help interpret and integrate sensory info

35
Q

which hemisphere is especially important for speech?

A

left

36
Q

What is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

Higher level functions, sensorimotor integration, perception

37
Q

What is the basal ganglia responsible for?

A

regulating motor system

38
Q

What are the five components of the basal ganglia?

A 
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalmic nuclei
substantia nigra
(only need to recognize)
39
Q

What is most important for us to know about the basal ganglia for this class?

A

BG has connections to and from a lot of other places in the brain

40
Q

What is the purpose of the diencephalon?

A

Acts as a relay station

41
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, hippocampus

42
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

All sensory information entering the brain has to go through the thalamus (except smell)

43
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

control center for ANS

44
Q

What are the major parts of the hypothalamus?

A

optic chiasm, mamillary bodies, pituitary gland, infudibilum, fornix

45
Q

What are the four responsibilities (?) of the hypothalamus?

A

fight, flight, food, sexual desire

46
Q

What is the function of the epithalamus?

A

endocrine/limbic system

47
Q

What are the parts of the epithalamus?

A

habenular nucleus, pineal gland

48
Q

What essential (hormone? chemical?) does the hypothalamus produce?

A

melatonin

49
Q

What is the purpose of the subthalamus?

A

regulating motor movement

50
Q

What is the responsibility of the hippocampus?

A

memory

51
Q

What is the responsibility of the cerebellum?

A

coordination and modulation of movement

52
Q

What are the part of the brainstem?

A

pons, medulla, midbrain

53
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

frontal lobe

54
Q

Where is primary motor cortex #4 located?

A

precentral gyrus

55
Q

What do we know about primary motor #4?

A

mostly contralateral, sends motor commands to body… hands fingers, face, and lips have a lot of motor control, not toooo much to the trunk, legs, etc

56
Q

What are the main parts of the frontal lobes (that we need to know)

A

primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, broca’s area

57
Q

Where is the sensory strip located?

A

post central gyrus

58
Q

Where is wernicke’s area located?

A

left temporal lobe

59
Q

What is the superior surface of the primary auditory cortex called?

A

Heschl’s gyri

60
Q

What is the perisylvian region?

A

region around the sylvian fissure that we think is most responsible for speech and language

61
Q

What is the purpose of Wernicke’s area?

A

understanding and initial coding of speech sounds. (also a little bit of initial planning)

62
Q

What is the purpose of broca’s area?

A

motor planning for speech

63
Q

What are the parts of the perisylvian region?

A

wernicke’s area, broca’s area, primary motor cortex, angular gyrus, acruate fasciculus, supramarginal gyrus

64
Q

Which areas of the perisylvian region are related to reading and writing?

A

angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus

65
Q

What is the path through the sylvian region?

A

speech picked up by PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX, gets sent to WERNICKE’S AREA where it is decoded a bit and the response starts to get planned. gets sent down ARCUATE FASCICULUS to BROCAS AREA where a motor plan is put together. goes back and forth for a bit before it goes to the PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX to move the articulators

66
Q

What are fiber tracts?

A

bundles of axons bundled together like cables

67
Q

What are the three types of fiber tracts?

A 
Projection fibers (long distance)
Association fibers (intrahemispheric)
Commissural Fibers (interhemispheric)
68
Q

What are the four types of projection fiber tracts?

A

corona radiata
sensory tract
corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract

69
Q

What do projection fibers do?

A

carry motor information from cortex to spinal cord or brain stem

70
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

connect right and left hemisphere

71
Q

What is brodmann’s map

A

“map” of the brain to help us locate specific parts

72
Q

What is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord for?

A

innervation of the arms

73
Q

What is the lumbar sacral enlargement?

A

nerves for legs

74
Q

What are the two parts of the spinal nerves?

A

dorsal - sensory

ventral - motor

75
Q

What are the two major vascular systems that feed the brain?

A

carotid, vertebral basilar system

76
Q

What is the place where the carotid and vertebral basilar system come together?

A

circle of willis

Anatomy (8 decks)

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