Unit 5 - Swallowing Flashcards
What are the muscles of the pharyngeal cavity?
- Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors
- cripharyngeus (upper esophageal sphincter)
Where does the superior pharyngeal constrictor originate?
buccinator, wraps around laterally to make up the pharynx (which is basically a tube)
Where does the middle pharyngeal constrictor originate?
hyoid bone
Where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor originate?
thyroid cartilage
What are the neural innervations for the pharynx muscles?
CN X Vagus
CN XI Spinal Accessory
What are the accessory muscles of the pharynx?
- Palatopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Stylopharyngeus
What is the purpose of the accessory muscles of the pharynx?
help with movement of pharynx as well as the closing of the velum
What are the four stages of a normal swallow?
- oral prep
- oral
- pharyngeal
- esophageal
What happens during the oral prep stage of a normal swallow?
- food chewed, mixed with saliva, and made into a ball
- use lips to get stuff into mouth
What happens during the oral stage of a normal swallow?
-food moved to back of mouth
Which swallow stages are voluntary?
Oral prep and oral stage
What happens during the pharyngeal stage of a normal swallow?
- bolus moves through pharynx, passing the vocal folds and going down into the esophagus
- larynx moves up and forward
- the vocal folds close so that if anything does come near the airway, it won’t go through
- epiglottis comes down and directs bolus posteriorly/protects trachea
During which stage does the apneic even of swallowing happen?
pharyngeal
What happens during the esophageal stage of a normal swallow?
-food enters esophagus and moves into the stomach
Which stages of swallowing are involuntary?
pharyngeal and esophageal
What are the three sphincters in the swallowing system?
- orbicularis oris
- soft palate (keeps food out of nasal cavity)
- upper esophageal sphincter
How does swallowing change over a person’s lifetime?
- babies can swallow and breathe at the same time (larynx lowers over time?
- larynx lowers in older people so this can affect swallowing
What are the cranial nerves for swallowing?
- V Trigeminal
- VII Facial
- IX Glossopharyngeal
- X Vagus
- XII Hypoglossal
What are the reflexes we learned about in class?
- chewing
- rooting/suckling
- palatal (when something touches soft palate, velum goes up)
- gag
- cough
- tongue base
- pain
- respiration (don’t breathe and swallow at same time)
What are some of the functions of saliva?
-bolus formation, bolus consistency, bolus transport, digestion, dental health (lysozome can be antibacterial)
What are the saliva glands?
- partoid (thinner saliva)
- submandibular (mixed saliva)
- sublingual (thicker saliva; mixes with bolus)
What are the types of saliva?
- mucous
- serous
- fluid
What is xerostomia?
insufficient salivary production (dry mouth)
How is taste different from flavour?
taste happens on chemical receptors, flavor involves taste, smell, cranial nerve
