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Anatomy > Unit 4 - Articulation > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the cranium? (6)

A
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Temporal bones
  • Frontal bone
  • Parietal bones
  • Occipital Bone
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2
Q

What are the five portions of the temporal bone?

A
  • squamous
  • tympanic
  • mastoid
  • petrous
  • styloid
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3
Q

What is under the tympanic portions of the temporal bones?

A

external auditory canal

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4
Q

What is under the petrous portions of the temporal bones?

A

inner ear

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5
Q

What is the temporal line of the parietal bones?

A

Where the temporalis muscles attach

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6
Q

What is the metopic suture of the frontal bone?

A

Where the nose connects to the frontal bone

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7
Q

Which bone contains the foramen magnum?

A

occipital

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8
Q

What comes through the foramen magnum?

A

The spinal column

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9
Q

What is directly underneath the condyles on the occipital bone?

A

the atlas

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10
Q

What are the sutures of the cranium? (4)

A
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Lamboidal
  • Squamosal
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11
Q

What are the parts of the mandible?

A
  • corpus
  • symphesis
  • ramus
  • angle
  • coronoid process
  • condylar process
  • mental foramen
  • mandibular foramen
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12
Q

What are the bones of the anterior face?

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxillae
  • Zygomatic bones
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13
Q

What is craniosynotosis?

A

birth defect in which one or more of the joints between the bones of the skull closes prematurely, before the brain is fully formed.

(holes are called fontanel)

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14
Q

What are the movements made by the mandible?

A
  • hinging
  • gliding
  • lateral
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15
Q

What are the elevator muscles of the mandible? (3)

A
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
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16
Q

What are the depressor muscles of the mandible? (4)

A
  • digasticus
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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17
Q

Which mandible elevator is used for quick movements?

A

temporalis

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18
Q

What are the portions of the maxillae? (4)

A
  • frontal process (articulates with frontal bone)
  • zygomatic process
  • premaxilla (alveolar process)
  • pallatine processes (back of the roof of mouth)
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19
Q

What are the bones of the interior face? (4)

A
  • nasal bones - bridge of nose
  • palatine bones - hard palate
  • nasal conchae - small bones on lateral surface of nasal cavity
  • vomer (part of nasal septum)
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20
Q

Which bones are the dividing lines for the cranial case and nasal pasages?

A

ethmoid and sphenoid

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21
Q

which part of the ethmoid bone is also a part of the nasal septum?

A

perpendicular plate

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22
Q

what are the cribriform plates?

A

part of ethmoid; separate nasal and cranial space

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23
Q

the nasal conchae are part of which bone?

A

ethmoid bone

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24
Q

what are the orbital plates of the ethmoid?

A

form medial orbit

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25
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

A
  • crista galli
  • perpendicular plate
  • middle and superior nasal conchae
  • cribriform plates
  • orbital plates
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26
Q

Which bone has greater and lesser wings and the pterygoid process?

A

sphenoid bone

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27
Q

What are the parts of the vocal tract?

A

Oral cavity
nasal cavity
pharyngeal cavity

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28
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity? (6)

A
  • anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossal)
  • posterior faucial arch (palatopharyngeal)
  • incisor teeth and lips
  • teeth and cheeks
  • tongue
  • hard palate
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29
Q

What are the structures of the oral cavity? (6)

A
  • lips
  • cheek
  • tongue
  • hard palate
  • velum
  • teeth
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30
Q

What are the landmarks of the lips? (4)

A
  • vermillion border
  • cupid’s bow
  • philtrum
  • columella
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31
Q

What are the transverse muscles of the lips? (2)

A
  • orbicularis oris

- risorius

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32
Q

What does the orbicularis oris do?

A

encircles the mouth, acts as sphincter to purse the lips

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33
Q

What does the risorius do?

A

fibers insert into the corners of the mouth; assists to retract the lips

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34
Q

What are the angular muscles of the lips?

A
  • levator labii superior
  • levator labii superioris alaegue nasi
  • zygomatic minor
  • zygomatic major
  • depressor labii inferioris
35
Q

What are the vertical muscles of the lips?

A
  • mentalis
  • depressor anguili oris (triangulari)
  • levator anguli oris
36
Q

What is the main muscle of the cheek?

A

buccinator muscle - pulls and stretches lips, inserts at corner of mouth

37
Q

What are the landmarks of the tongue? (4)

A
  • tip
  • dorsum
  • root
  • pharyngeal
38
Q

What is the dividing line between the lingual and pharyngeal tongue?

A

foramen cecum and terminal sulcus

39
Q

What are the bumps on the tongue called?

A

papillae

40
Q

What are the intrinsic lingual muscles? (4)

A
  • superior longitudinal
  • inferior longitudinal
  • transversus
  • vertical
41
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue used for?

A

fine movements… important for speech

42
Q

What are the extrinsic lingual muscles? (4)

A
  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • palatoglossus
43
Q

What are the extrinsic lingual muscles important for?

A

where the tongue is in your mouth

44
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

lingual frenulum is short and restricts movement

45
Q

what is macroglossia?

A

very big tongue?

46
Q

what is microglossia?

A

very small tongue

47
Q

What are the four parts of the maxilla bone that make up the hard palate?

A
  • premxilla (contains four upper front teeth)
  • alveolar process (gum ridge)
  • zygomatic process (out to the side)
  • palatine process
48
Q

What are the palatine bones that make up the hard palate? (2)

A
  • posterior nasal spine (attaches to the nose?)

- horizontal plate

49
Q

What are the sutures of the hard palate?

A
  • transverse palatine suture
  • premaxillary suture
  • intermaxillary suture
50
Q

For cleft palate, what can there be a cleft of?

A
  • lip
  • hard palate
  • soft palate
  • combination
  • submucosal cleft
51
Q

what are the four types of cleft palate?

A
  • complete
  • incomplete
  • unilateral
  • bilateral
52
Q

What IS a cleft palate?

A

interruption of fusion between primitive late and palatine process

53
Q

What are the paired muscles of the velum? (4)

A
  • tensor veli palatini
  • levator veli palatini
  • uvulae uscularis
  • palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
54
Q

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

A

dilates Eustachian tube

55
Q

what does the levator veli palatini do?

A

primary elevator, bulk of velum, elevates and retracts

56
Q

What does the uvulae muscularis do?

A

shortens velum (elevator, embedded within uvula, medial and posterior portion of velum)

57
Q

What are the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus?

A

depressors

58
Q

What is velopharyngeal insufficiency?

A

velum won’t close all the way

59
Q

What is the primary resonance structure?

A

velum

60
Q

what is passavant’s pad?

A

superior constrictor muscle

61
Q

The velum can alter the size and shape of what?

A

nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

62
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there, typically?

A

20

63
Q

How many permanent teeth are there, typically?

A

32

64
Q

What does occlusion mean?

A

contact between upper and lower teeth

65
Q

What is class I malocclusion?

A

incisors don’t line up

66
Q

What is class II malocclusion?

A

overbite

67
Q

What is class III malocclusion?

A

underbite

68
Q

What are the five surfaces of the teeth?

A

-buccal - closest to cheek
-lingual - closest to tongue
-occlusal - surface that meets with other teeth
medial - between the tooth and the tooth in front of it
-distal - between the tooth and the tooth behind it

69
Q

What separates the two nasal cavities?

A

septum

70
Q

what is the septum made of?

A

vomer, cartilage, ehtmoid

71
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

sphenoid bone

72
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

hard palate

73
Q

What are the projections of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal conchae

74
Q

WHat are the four sinuses?

A

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid

75
Q

Which two sinuses are present at birth?

A

maxillary, ethmoid

76
Q

What does respiratory epithelium do?

A
  • lines the respiratory tract
  • clean, warms, moistens air
  • kills bacteria
77
Q

What are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

superior, middle, inferior

78
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

constrictors, cricopharyngeus

79
Q

What are the resonance structures and cavities? (12)

A
  • glottis
  • ventricular space
  • epiglottis
  • space between aryepiglottic folds
  • laryngopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • oral cavity
  • hard palate
  • velum
  • velopharyngeal port
  • nasopharynx
  • nasal cavity
80
Q

What is the source filter theory?

A

sound is generated at source, changed by different filters within the resonant cavities

81
Q

What are the sources of sound for the source-filter theory?

A

glottis, oral cavity (for voiceless consonants)

82
Q

How can the vocal tract be adjusted?

A
  • elevation or depression of the larynx
  • contraction or relaxation of the muscles of the pharynx
  • elevation or lowering of the velum
  • elevation or flattening of the dorsum of the tongue
  • moving the tongue forward or backward
  • elevation or depression of the tip of the tongue
  • raising or lowering the mandible
  • pursing, rounding, or retracting the lips
83
Q

What is the resonant frequency of the vocal tract?

A

the frequency to which the sound cavity most effectively responds

84
Q

What affects the resonant frequency of the vocal tract?

A

volume, length

Anatomy (8 decks)

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