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Unit 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The structure of organisms and the relationship of their parts

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The function of organisms

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3
Q

What are organs?

A

two or more tissues combined as a functional unit

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4
Q

What is a system?

A

two or more organs combined as a functional unit

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5
Q

What is the cycle of systems for speech pathology?

A

respiratory –> phonatory&deglutition –> articulatory –> auditory –> nervous

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6
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

divided into right and left

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7
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

divided into front and back

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8
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

divided into top and bottom

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9
Q

ventral / dorsal

A

front / back

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10
Q

anterior / posterior

A

toward the front / toward the back

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11
Q

superficial / deep

A

toward the surface / away from the surface

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12
Q

superior / inferior

A

upper / lower

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13
Q

cranial / caudal

A

toward the head / toward the tail

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14
Q

external / internal

A

toward the outer surface / toward the inner surface

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15
Q

medial / lateral

A

toward the middle / away from the middle

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16
Q

central / peripheral

A

at the center / toward the outer surface

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17
Q

proximal / distal

A

toward the body / away from the body

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18
Q

What is the purpose of epithelial tissue?

A

protect and act as a barrier?

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19
Q

What are the criteria used to classify epithelial cells?

A

Number of layers, shape of cells, and location

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20
Q

What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

A

squamous - flat
cuboidal
columnar

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21
Q

What are the classifications of epithelial cells based on number of layers?

A

simple - one layer
stratified - two or more layers
pseudostratified - appear to be stratified, but aren’t

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22
Q

What are the three locations for epithelial cells?

A

Epithelia proper - skin, and all systems open to teh outside
Mesolithia - body cavities not open to surface
Endolithia - blood and lymphocytes

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23
Q

What are the types of epithelial membrane

A

mucous - line body cavities open to the exterior
serous - line body cavities not open to exterior
cutaneous - skin

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24
Q

What are the types of connective tissue? (6)

A 
Areolar
Adipose
Fibrous
Cartilage
Blood
Bone
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25
What is the purpose of connective tissue?
support, protection, and binding
26
What defines connective tissues as opposed to other kinds of tissues
A matrix structure
27
Whta kind of tissue is most abundant?
Connective tissue
28
Which connective tissue is the most loosely woven?
areolar tissue
29
Where is areolar tissue located?
around organs and right below skin
30
Areolar tissue may be...
collagenous, elastic, or reticular
31
Which connective tissue is loose and gel-like?
adipose
32
Where is adipose tissue located?
around organs, in bone marrow, and around joints
33
What is the purpose of adipose tissue?
fat storage
34
Which connective tissue is dense and closely packed?
fibrous tissue
35
Which connective tissue are tendons and ligaments made out of?
Fibrous
36
What are aponeuroses (and what are they made out of?)
layers of flat, broad tendons (made out of fibrous tissue)
37
What are tendons?
fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone and cartilage.
38
What are ligaments?
fibrous tissue that connect bone and cartilage to bone and cartilage
39
What are the three kinds of cartilage?
hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
40
where is hyaline cartilage?
around joints, ribs
41
where is elastic cartilage?
ears, nose
42
where is fibrocartilage?
between vertebrae, TMJ
43
What is hyaline cartilage made up of?
collagen
44
What is elastic cartilage made of?
more elastin, less collagen
45
What is fibrocartilage like (dense, stretchy, etc)?
very dense; toughest cartilage
46
What is the purpose of blood?
transport oxygen and waste regulate pH, temperature, and water content of cells protect against infection
47
What is blood made up of?
``` plasma (%) erythocytes (RBC) leucocytes (WBC) thrombocytes (platelets) NEED PERCENTAGES ```
48
What is bone like/what is it made of?
dense on the outside spongy (contains marrow) Haversian canal (for blood vessels and nerves to go through)
49
What shapes might a bone be?
long short flat irregular
50
What are the types of muscular tissue?
skeletal cardiac smooth
51
What kind of tissue is the principle mediator of movement?
Muscle tissue
52
What are the main purposes of muscle tissue?
Movement Maintaining posture Heat production
53
Which kind of muscle tissue is striated?
Skeletal tissue
54
Which type of muscle tissue is somatic?
Skeletal muscle
55
Which types of muscle are ANS?
Smooth | Cardiac
56
What is the structure of cardiac muscle?
Interconnected network, hooked closely together in order to work in unison
57
Why is the structure of smooth muscle and where is it located?
Made of spindle-like fibers | Digestive tract and blood vessels (whatever that means)
58
What is a motor unit?
1 efferent nerve + muscle fiber | Neuron gives instructions to muscles
59
What is a high innervation ratio?
Many fibers, few nerve cells | Gross motor
60
What is a low innervation ratio?
Few fibers, many nerve cells | Fine motor
61
What is the point of origin?
The most stable point of muscle attachment to bone
62
What is the point of insertion?
Section of muscle that moves during contraction
63
What are the three muscles involved in a muscle contraction?
Agonist - primary mover Antagonist -provides resistance Synergist - stabilizes
64
What are the three types of joints?
Synarthrodial - suture Amphiarhrodial - yielding Diarthrodial - moving
65
What are the types of diarthrodial joints? (5)
``` Gliding Hinge Pivot Saddle Ball and socket ```

Anatomy (8 decks)

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