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Anatomy > Unit 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The structure of organisms and the relationship of their parts

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The function of organisms

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3
Q

What are organs?

A

two or more tissues combined as a functional unit

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4
Q

What is a system?

A

two or more organs combined as a functional unit

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5
Q

What is the cycle of systems for speech pathology?

A

respiratory –> phonatory&deglutition –> articulatory –> auditory –> nervous

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6
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

divided into right and left

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7
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

divided into front and back

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8
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

divided into top and bottom

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9
Q

ventral / dorsal

A

front / back

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10
Q

anterior / posterior

A

toward the front / toward the back

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11
Q

superficial / deep

A

toward the surface / away from the surface

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12
Q

superior / inferior

A

upper / lower

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13
Q

cranial / caudal

A

toward the head / toward the tail

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14
Q

external / internal

A

toward the outer surface / toward the inner surface

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15
Q

medial / lateral

A

toward the middle / away from the middle

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16
Q

central / peripheral

A

at the center / toward the outer surface

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17
Q

proximal / distal

A

toward the body / away from the body

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18
Q

What is the purpose of epithelial tissue?

A

protect and act as a barrier?

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19
Q

What are the criteria used to classify epithelial cells?

A

Number of layers, shape of cells, and location

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20
Q

What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

A

squamous - flat
cuboidal
columnar

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21
Q

What are the classifications of epithelial cells based on number of layers?

A

simple - one layer
stratified - two or more layers
pseudostratified - appear to be stratified, but aren’t

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22
Q

What are the three locations for epithelial cells?

A

Epithelia proper - skin, and all systems open to teh outside
Mesolithia - body cavities not open to surface
Endolithia - blood and lymphocytes

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23
Q

What are the types of epithelial membrane

A

mucous - line body cavities open to the exterior
serous - line body cavities not open to exterior
cutaneous - skin

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24
Q

What are the types of connective tissue? (6)

A 
Areolar
Adipose
Fibrous
Cartilage
Blood
Bone
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25
Q

What is the purpose of connective tissue?

A

support, protection, and binding

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26
Q

What defines connective tissues as opposed to other kinds of tissues

A

A matrix structure

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27
Q

Whta kind of tissue is most abundant?

A

Connective tissue

28
Q

Which connective tissue is the most loosely woven?

A

areolar tissue

29
Q

Where is areolar tissue located?

A

around organs and right below skin

30
Q

Areolar tissue may be…

A

collagenous, elastic, or reticular

31
Q

Which connective tissue is loose and gel-like?

A

adipose

32
Q

Where is adipose tissue located?

A

around organs, in bone marrow, and around joints

33
Q

What is the purpose of adipose tissue?

A

fat storage

34
Q

Which connective tissue is dense and closely packed?

A

fibrous tissue

35
Q

Which connective tissue are tendons and ligaments made out of?

A

Fibrous

36
Q

What are aponeuroses (and what are they made out of?)

A

layers of flat, broad tendons (made out of fibrous tissue)

37
Q

What are tendons?

A

fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone and cartilage.

38
Q

What are ligaments?

A

fibrous tissue that connect bone and cartilage to bone and cartilage

39
Q

What are the three kinds of cartilage?

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

40
Q

where is hyaline cartilage?

A

around joints, ribs

41
Q

where is elastic cartilage?

A

ears, nose

42
Q

where is fibrocartilage?

A

between vertebrae, TMJ

43
Q

What is hyaline cartilage made up of?

A

collagen

44
Q

What is elastic cartilage made of?

A

more elastin, less collagen

45
Q

What is fibrocartilage like (dense, stretchy, etc)?

A

very dense; toughest cartilage

46
Q

What is the purpose of blood?

A

transport oxygen and waste
regulate pH, temperature, and water content of cells
protect against infection

47
Q

What is blood made up of?

A 
plasma (%)
erythocytes (RBC)
leucocytes (WBC)
thrombocytes (platelets) 
NEED PERCENTAGES
48
Q

What is bone like/what is it made of?

A

dense on the outside
spongy (contains marrow)
Haversian canal (for blood vessels and nerves to go through)

49
Q

What shapes might a bone be?

A

long
short
flat
irregular

50
Q

What are the types of muscular tissue?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

51
Q

What kind of tissue is the principle mediator of movement?

A

Muscle tissue

52
Q

What are the main purposes of muscle tissue?

A

Movement
Maintaining posture
Heat production

53
Q

Which kind of muscle tissue is striated?

A

Skeletal tissue

54
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is somatic?

A

Skeletal muscle

55
Q

Which types of muscle are ANS?

A

Smooth

Cardiac

56
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

A

Interconnected network, hooked closely together in order to work in unison

57
Q

Why is the structure of smooth muscle and where is it located?

A

Made of spindle-like fibers

Digestive tract and blood vessels (whatever that means)

58
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

1 efferent nerve + muscle fiber

Neuron gives instructions to muscles

59
Q

What is a high innervation ratio?

A

Many fibers, few nerve cells

Gross motor

60
Q

What is a low innervation ratio?

A

Few fibers, many nerve cells

Fine motor

61
Q

What is the point of origin?

A

The most stable point of muscle attachment to bone

62
Q

What is the point of insertion?

A

Section of muscle that moves during contraction

63
Q

What are the three muscles involved in a muscle contraction?

A

Agonist - primary mover
Antagonist -provides resistance
Synergist - stabilizes

64
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Synarthrodial - suture
Amphiarhrodial - yielding
Diarthrodial - moving

65
Q

What are the types of diarthrodial joints? (5)

A 
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Ball and socket

Anatomy (8 decks)

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