Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Unit 2 - Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiration?

A

exchange of gas between an organism and its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four main parts of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory airway
pulmonary system
skeletal support
muscles of inspiration and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory airway? (3)

A

Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the openings to the nasal cavity called?

A

Nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to air breathed in through the nasal cavity (as opposed to the oral cavity)

A

warmed, moistened, filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is air filtered when breathed in through the nasal cavity?

A

specialized epithelium (mucous membranes and cilia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx - behind nasal cavity
Oropharynx - back of the mouth
Hypopharynx/laryngopharynx - common area for nose and mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two functions of the hypo/laryngopharynx?

A

swallowing and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the parts of the pulmonary system? (4)

A

Larynx
trachea
bronchi/bronchial tubes
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary function of the larynx?

A

biological - acts as a valve during eating, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the secondary function of the larynx?

A

phonatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the trachea?

A

rigid, flexible tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What surrounds the trachea?

A

16-20 rings of hyaline cartilage that open at the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What connects the cartilage rings around the trachea?

A

mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What lines the trachea?

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the cilia in the trachea do?

A

move the mucous blanket the covers the inside of the trachea up and out - gets rid of bad stuff that might be in the trachea (pollen, dust, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the carina?

A

the point where the trachea divides into two bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is aspiration?

A

when something that shouldn’t gets below the level of the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what point are the bronchi no longer surrounded by cartilage (or have cilia in them)?

A

when they have started dividing into bronchials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is different about the right lung compared to the left

A

it is slightly more in line with the trachea - aspiration more likely to occur in this lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are the alveoli located?

A

In the lungs, housed within the alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is surfactant?

A

lubrication in the lungs

helps the tissue covering lungs and ribs move together smoothly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is COPD? (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

Alveoli lose elasticity
alveoli are destroyed
bronchial walls become thick and inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Left lung has __ lobes

A

2 - superior, inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

right lung has __ lobes

A

3 - superior, middle, inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What shape are the lungs?

A

conical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the lungs made of?

A

spongy, elastic tissues – NO MUSCLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the diaphragm located?

A

under the base of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is pleura?

A

tissue that covers lungs and inner thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the purpose of the pleura?

A

a means of smooth contact for rough surfaces

translates force into inspiration making respiration efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where does the exchange of gas happen?

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the parts of the skeletal support system? (4)

A

Rib cage
vetebral column
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the parts of the Thoracic cavity? (4)

A

rib cage
mediastinum
pleural membranes
pulmonary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is in the mediastinum?

A

heart, blood, lymph vessels, esophagus, thymus gland (antibodies), phrenic nerves (innervates diaphragm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are all ribs attached to?

A

vetebral column

36
Q

Which ribs are connected to the sternum?

A

true ribs (vetebrosternal)

37
Q

What are vertebrochondral ribs?

A

ribs that are connected to the cartilage that connects to the sternum (false ribs)

38
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

ribs that don’t attach to anything besides vertebral column

39
Q

What are the parts of each rib? (5)

A

head, neck, tubercle (point of attachment for muscles), angle, shaft

40
Q

What are the five sections of the vertebral column?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccoogeal?? (coccyx)

41
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

42
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

43
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

44
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 (fused)

45
Q

What is C1 called and what is special about it?

A

atlas - holds up skull, has a lot of movement

46
Q

What is C2 called and what is special about it?

A

axis - helps atlas move around, allows us to turn our heads

47
Q

What is the dens?

A

the part of the axis that sticks up and allows the atlas to rotate around it

48
Q

What are the parts of one vertebra?

A 
Spinous process 
vertebral foramen
Superior articular facet
corpus
transverse formane
49
Q

What is the spinous process?

A

spiny part at the back of a vertebrae where muscles attach

50
Q

What is the vertebral foramen?

A

big hole in the middle of the vertebra where the spinal cord goes

51
Q

What is the superior articular facet?

A

part of a vertebra that supports the vertebra directly above it

52
Q

what is the transverse foramen?

A

one of two holes on the vertebra where spinal nerves get out

53
Q

What are the parts of the pectoral girdle? (3)

A

shoulder girdle
scapula
clavicle

54
Q

What are the parts of the pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium (hip bones) (iliac crest)
Sacrum
Pubis (pubic bone)
Ischium (sit bones)

55
Q

What is the function of the pelvic girdle for respiration?

A

provides support for abdominal musculature

56
Q

Inhalation is an __________ process

A

active

57
Q

What is the muscle responsible for vertical enlargement of the thorax?

A

diaphragm

58
Q

How does the diaphragm work?

A

flattens as it contracts, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity

59
Q

Which nerves supply the diaphragm?

A

left and right phrenic nerves

60
Q

What are the three openings in the diaphragm for?

A

aorta, esophagus, inferior vena cava

61
Q

Where is the diaphragm located?

A

directly below the lungs

62
Q

What muscles are responsible for horizontal enlargement of the thoracic cavity?

A

external intercostals

63
Q

How do the external intercostals work?

A

each one connects to a rib; when each contracts, it pulls the rib underneath it up and out like a bucket handle, resulting in the horizontal enlargement of the thoracic cavity.

64
Q

Which muscles are responsible for upper vertical enlargement and stabilization?

A

accessory muscles - in the back, shoulders, and neck

65
Q

What are the muscles that lift the ribs in the back?

A

levator costarum brevis
levator costarum longis
Serratus posterior superior

66
Q

What are the accessory muscles of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid

anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes

67
Q

What are the accessory muscles of the shoulders?

A 
pectoralis major and minor
levator scapulae
serratus anterior
trapezius
rhomboideus major/minor
68
Q

How does quiet exhalation work?

A

passive

everything goes back to resting, creates positive pressure in the lungs and air is forced back out

69
Q

What happens during passive exhalation?

A

lungs go back to normal size
untorquing of the ribs
recoil of the viscera
gravitational pull on rib cage

70
Q

What are the muscles of forced exhalation?

A 
Internal intercostals - depress rib cage
abdominals
transversus thoracis
subcostals
serratus posterior inferior
71
Q

What are the different types of abdominal muscles from most superficial to deepest?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis

72
Q

What is the tidal volume of the lungs?

A

the amount of air that’s inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing

73
Q

What’s the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

tidal volume + extra amount of air that’s inhaled during deep breathing

74
Q

what’s the expiratory reserve volume?

A

tidal volume + extra amount of air that’s exhaled during deep breathing

75
Q

What’s the residual volume of the lungs?

A

air that’s always in the lungs

76
Q

What’s the vital capacity of the lungs?

A

how much air total we have available for use (mostly for speech)
tidal volume + inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes

77
Q

What’s the functional reserve capacity of the lungs?

A

expiratory reserve + residual volume

78
Q

What’s the inspiratory capacity of the lungs?

A

maximum we can inhale + tidal volume

79
Q

What’s total lung capacity?

A

everything added together

80
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A

between the layers of pleura - negative

81
Q

What is alveolar pressure?

A

within the lungs

82
Q

Compare the RHYTHM of breathing for life and breathing for speech

A

life: inhalation and exhalation equal
speech: quick inhalation, prolonged exhalation

83
Q

compare RATE of breathing for life and speech

A

life: about 16-20 cycles
speech: increased; varies according to length of the message

84
Q

Compare the FORCE of breathing for life and speech

A

life: feels almost effortless; primary muscle is diaphragm; exhalation is passive
speech: additional force supplied by abdominals and external intercostals

85
Q

Compare the CONTROL of breathing for life and speech

A

life: autonomic
speech: voluntary

86
Q

Compare the VOLUME of breathing for life and speech

A

life: less than full lung volume
speech: greater; varries with message

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions