Unit 7 - Muslim Empire Flashcards
What were the Five Pillars?
- Shahada
- Salat
- Zakat
- Sawm
- Hajj
Definition of Shahada (2)
- Profession of Faith
- “There is only one Allah and Muhammed is his prophet”
Definition of Salat (2)
- Daily Worship
- Pray 5x a day (facing Mecca)
Definition of Zakat (2)
- Charity
- 2 percent of Muslim Income
Definition of Sawm (2)
- Fasting
- Fast Sunrise to Sunset during the month of Ramadan
Definition of Hajj (3)
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
- Once in a Lifetime
- Reminder of the Equality of all Muslims
Definition of Sunni (3)
- Branch of Islam
- Belief that Devout Muslims could be Caliphs (even if not related to Muhammed)
- Supported rule of first 3 Caliphs
Definition of Shi’a (3)
- Branch of Islam
- Never accepted caliphs who weren’t related to Muhammad
- Did not accept the first 3 Caliphs
Definition of Monotheism
Belief in one God
Definition of Caliph (2)
- Successor/Deputy of Muhammad
- Leader of Muslim Community
Definition of Imam
Religous Leader (leads the prayers in a mosque)
Definition of Hijrah
Migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina
Definition of Ka’aba
Sacred Cube in Mecca
Definition of Sunna
Outlines moral behavior
Definition of Shari’a
System of Laws
Definition of Qur’an (2)
- Holy Text of Islam
- Revelation of the Text of Allah
Definition of Calligraphy (3)
- Art of Beautiful Writing
- Used in Qu’ran
- Only considered worthy of the word of God
What was the in the Golden Age of Islam? (8)
- Chess - Intellectual Challenge
- Banking System - Centralized Currencies, System of Checks & Letters of Credit, Expanded Trade & Prosperity
- Calligraphy - Art of Beautiful Writing, Considered worthy of the Word of God
- Bookmaking - Introduced by Chinese Prisoners, Symbol of Wealth & Expanded Learning
- Astronomy - Study of Skies, Astrolabe, Corrected Mistakes of Ptolemy
- Algebra - Al Khwarizmi, Substituted Numbers for Letters
- Hospitals - Expanded Medical Knowledge & Promoted Health
- Herbal Medicines & Pharmacies - Pain Killers, Antiseptics, Anesthetics
Definition of Astrolabe (4)
- Instrument of Astronomy
- Measured Latitude
- Told Time of Day
- Determined Position of Stars & Planets
Who was Muhammad
Founder and Prophet of Islam
Who was Abu Akbar?
1st Caliph /Successor/Friend of Muhammad
Who was Umayyads? (3)
- Dynasty of Islamic Empire
- Uthman (3rd Caliph) was a Member
- Overthrown by Abbasids
Who was Abbasids?
Dynasty of Islamic Empire that Overthrew Umayyads
Explain how geography impacted the life of people on the Arabian Peninsula (4)
Effects of Desert Life
1. Nomadic Lifestyle
2. White & Light Clothing
3. Settlements in Oasis
4. Use of Camels
What caused the split in Islam?
Disagreements over the first three caliphs
How did Islam continue to spread after the death of Muhammad? (2)
- Expansion of Muslim Empire - Conquered Lands led to Conversion
- Trade - Cultural Diffusion of Islam
How are the major Abrahamic faiths similar and different?
Similarities:
1. Monotheistic (One God)
2. All came from Abraham
3. Heaven & Hell (Salvation & Damnation)
4. Contain Sects
5. 10 Commandments
Differences:
1. Sacred Books - Torah, Quran, Bible
2. Places of Worship - Synagogue, Mosque, Church
3. Sacred Language - Hebrew, Arabic, All
4. Key Beliefs - Shabbat, 5 Pillars, Holy Trinity
5. Worship Services - Shabbat, Friday Prayers, Communion & Baptism
6. Religious Leaders - Rabbi, Imam, Priest/Bishop
