Unit 5 - Classic Civilizations - Persia, Greece & Rome Flashcards
What was the Royal Road? (4)
Built by, Purposes
Memorize
- Built by Darius the Great
- Connected cities and regions of the Persian Empire
- Encouraged trade, travel and comminication
What are satraps?
Memorize
Governor of a province
Who was Darius? (4)
Title, Built, War
Memorize
- The king of kings
- Built the Royal Road & Darius’ Canal
- Cultuarlly & Religiously Tolerant
- Began the Persian Wars w/ the Greeks
What was Darius’ Canal?
Memorize
- Built by Darius the Great
- Connected the Red & Med. Sea
- Encouraged trade, travel and comminication
What were the dark ages of Greece? (3)
Read Through
- Little to no trade
- Economy collapsed
- No written records
What was the Iliad & Odyssey? (4)
Author, What Was It, Theme, Signifigance
Read Through
- Author: Homer (maybe not)
- Epic Poems
- Theme: Don’t meet the wrath of the Gods
- Signaled that the dark ages were coming to an end
What is Polis?
Memorize
Individual City - States
What is Acropolis?
Read Through
City built around a defensible fort
What is Monarchy? (3)
Read Through
- Ruled by one person
- King provides protection & enforces laws
- People follow laws and pay taxes
What is Aristocracy?
Read Through
Power is held by the noble class
What is Oligarchy? (3)
Read Through
- Power is shared among the king and aristocrats
- Enforced through military
- Citizens had little say
What is Tyranny? (4)
Read Through
- Power seized illegally
- Reformed laws
- Aided poor
- Middle class demanded social and political privileges & grew wealthy
What is the Agora?
Marketplace where food and supplies were bought and sold
What is a Phalanx?
Read Through
Formation of foot soldiers stood side by side with a spear and shield
What is Direct Democracy? (3)
Memorize
- Power is held by all citizens
- Citizen = Free, Male, Adult & Owns Property
- Council of 500: Chosen annually through lottery & proposed laws
What was Athens? (3)
Memorize
- Utilized Direct Democracy
- Led Delian League after the Persian Wars
- Beacon of Cultual Achievment in Greece
What was Sparta? (2)
Government & Values
Memorize
- Utilized Oligarchy
- Valued the Military (Won Peloponnesian War)
What was the Parthenon? (3)
Money, Purpose, Significance
Memorize
- $ from Delian League
- Built for Athena, Symbol of Athen’s Golden Age
- Caused the Peloponnesian War
What were the Persian Wars? (4)
Cause, Importance, Result & Effect
Memorize
Cause: Persian Expansion
Important Event: Sparta & Athens united, causing Persian retreat
Result: Greek Won
Effect: Delian League, Athen’s Golden Age
What was the Delian League? (4)
Memorize
- Military Alliance of 200 City - States
- Lead by Athens (due to their victory over Persia)
- Money for Protection/Military
- Funded Athenian Golden Age
What were the Peloponnesian Wars? (3)
Casue, Result, Effect
Memorize
Cause: Misuse of Delian League’s Funds by Athens
Result: Sparta Won, Athenians were walled in and were in a plague
Effect: Greatly weakened, taken over by Macedonia
Who was Pericles?
Memorize
Athenian General in the Peloponnesian War/Leader in Athenian Golden Age
Who was Euripides?
Memorize
Greek Writer for Tragedies like Medea
Who was Sophocles?
Memorize
Greek Writer for Tragedies like Oedipus Rex
Who was Socrates? (3)
Belief, Creation, Death
Memorize
- People should question everything
- Socratic Method - Method of teaching of Question - Answer
- Killed after trial for neglecting the Gods & Corrupting Youth
Who was Plato? (5)
Relation, Accomplishments & Beliefs
Memorize
- Student of Socrates
- Wrote “The Republic”
- Rejected Athenian Democracy
- Believed in 3 groups (Farmers/Artisans, Warriors, Rulers)
- Found the Academy
Who was Aristotle? (5)
Relation, Develops/Creations/Accomplishments
Memorize
- Student of Plato
- Developed logic, basis of Scientific Method, Geocentric theory
- Wrote “The Politics”
- Lyceum Rivals the Academy
- Taught Alexander the Great
Who was Alexander the Great? (4)
Memorize
- King of Macedonia
- Conquered Asia Minor, Greexe & Egypt
- Crowned Pharoah, established dynasty, city: Alexandria
- Formed Hellenism
Who was Euclid? (2)
Read Through
- During Hellenistic Period
- Created a Geo. Text that was still used in the 19th Century!
(Father of Geometry)
What was Hellenism? (2)
Memorize
- Culture created by Alexander the Great
- Greek - based, included influences from Egypt, Perisa & India
What is the Forum? (3)
Memorize
- Ancient Plaza
- Government and Markets
- Public/Everyone went there
What was the Republic made up of? (3)
Memorize
- Executive Branch
- Judicial Branch
- Legislative Branch
What was the Executive Branch in the Republic? (2)
Read Through
- 2 consuls/year
- Power over military
What was the Judicial Branch in the Republic? (2)
Read Through
- Eight Praetors/year
- Chosen by the Centuriate Assembly
What was the Legislative Branch made up of? (3)
Read Through
- The Senate
- The Centuriate Assembly
- The Tribunes
What are the 12 Tables? (3)
Memorize
- A Roman written law code
- Had similar values to Hammurabi Code -
(Diff. Soc. Class = Diff. Punishment, Civic Duty, Honesty & Harsh Punishment) - Posted on the Forum
What are practicians?
Memorize
Upper Class
What are plebians?
Memorize
Middle Class - Lower Class
What is the Senate? (4)
Read Through
- 300 Members for life
- Chosen by Patricians
- Controlled foreign & financial policies
- Advised consuls
What was the Centuriate Assembly? (3)
Read Through
- All Citizen - Soldiers
- Members for Life
- Select Consuls/Make Laws
Who were the Tribunes? (2)
Read Through
- Elected to represent plebeians
- Members for Life
What are the Punic Wars? (3)
Memorize
- 3 Wars
- Carthage (Punic) Empire & Roman Republic
- Resulted in Roman Expansion
Who was Hannibal? (5)
Who, Accomplishments, Reason behind Loss
Read Through
- Famous General for Carthage in the 2nd Punic War
- Crossed the Alps w/ army & war elephants
- Won several battles in Italy
- Successful for brilliant war tactics and use of nature in open spaces
- Lost war due to lack of weapons for closed & protected spaces
Triumverate
Definition, Who was in the First & Who Was in the Second
Read Through
- Political alliance between three people who share power
- Julius Caesar, Pompey & Crassus
- Marc Anthony, Octavius & Lepidus
What is the Pax Romana? (2)
Memorize
- Roman Peace/Golden Age
- Lasted for 200 years (Augustus - Marcus)
What is the Circus Maximus? (3)
Read Through
- House of entertainment in Rome (Chariot Racing, Gladiator Fights, etc.)
- Greek influence (Columns) & Etruscan Influence (Arches)
- “Bread & Circus” (Politicians provided free food & entertainment to appease the poor)
What is the Colosseum? (3)
Memorize
- Amphitheater in Rome
- Housed Gladiator Fights
- Greek Influence through use of Columns & Arches
What is inflation? (2)
Memorize
- Drop in value of money
- Rise in prices
Who was Julius Caesar? (Role & Accomplishments) (6)
Read Through
- The Dictator of Rome
- Aided the middle class/poor
- Reformed Farm Laws
- Distributed land to soldiers & poor people
- Stopped extensive use of slavery
- Provided jobs to poor
Why was Julius Caesar killed? (4)
Read Through
- He aided Poor
- Aristocracy lost power
- He had too much power as a dictator
- Threatening the Republic
Who was Cleopatra? (2)
Read Through
- Last ruler of Egypt
- Alliance & Affair w/ Caesar and Anthony
Who was Marc Anthony? (4)
Read Through
- Friend of Julius Caesar
- In the Second Triumvirate
- Alliance w/ Cleopatra
- Lost to Octavius
Who was Octavian/Augustus? (4)
Read Through
- Adopted son of Julius Caesar
- In the Second Triumvirate
- 1st Emperor of Rome, known as Augustus
- Initiated Pax Romana
What led to the fall of Rome? (6)
Memorize
- Hi Inflation, Slavery & Taxes (Economic)
- Corrupt Gov. Officials & Divided Empire (Political)
- Gap of Rich & Poor, Lack of Patriotism & Rise Christianity (Social)
- Use of Mercenaries & Low Funds of Defense (Military)
- Civil Wars
- Weakened Rome allowed successful invasions
Did Greece experience a Golden Age? (include evidence & reasoning) (4)
Memorize
- Athens experienced a Golden Age
- Peace - End of Persian War
- Prosperity - Trade & Funds from Delian League
- Progress -
Advances in Art (Parthenon & Discus Thrower)
Advances in Drama (Sophocles & Euripides)
Did Rome experience a Golden Age? (include evidence & reasoning) (5)
Memorize
- Pax Romana was a Golden Age
- Prosperity - Farming & Trade
- Peace - Political Stability
- Progress -
Advances in Engineering (Roads, Aqueducts, Domes, Arches)
Advances in Art (Sculptures & Mosiacss)
What were Aqueducts? (3)
Memorize
- Massive Structures utilizing Arches
- Arches spanned rivers & ravines
- Carried fresh water from source to urban centers
Who was Constantine? (4)
Memorize
- Emperor of Rome
- Moved Capital to Byzantium (renamed as Constantinople)
- Tolerated Christianity (Edict of Milan)
- Secured Control in the East
Who was Diocletian?
Memorize
Divided the Empire to East & West (took control of East)
How did geography factors the expansion & interactions within Greece? (2)
How did geography factors no expansion & interaction withing greece (3)
Memorize
Peninsula
1. Surrounded by Water
2. Sea Voyagess increased Trade & Cultural DIffusion
Mountains
- Isolated City - States
- Lack of Arable Land (not much growth of population)
- Not much Large - Scale Expansion due to Civil Wars & no Unification
How did geography factors encourage/hinder the expansion & interactions within Rome? (3)
Memorize
- Fertile land - Increased population, military & economy
- Natural Barriers (Alps) - Protection from Invasions, allowing development
- Central Location/Peninsula - Access to W&E of Med. Sea - Territories & Trade
How did the political structures of the classical Greek Civilization differ from those of the Roman Republic & Empire? (3/2)
Memorize
GREECE
1. Polis - Divided into City States w/ own gov.
2. Athens (Direct Democracy) - Citizens made decisions
3. Other City - States - Oligarchy & Monarchy
ROME
1. Unified under Republic - 3 Branches, Elected Representatives made Decisions
2. Unified under Imperial Rule - Emperor held supreme power
In what ways did the Greeks influence the Romans? (3)
Memorize
- Columns in Architecture
- Sculptures through idealistic perfection
- Greek Gods & Goddesses
Who was Jesus? (3)
Memorize
- The Son of God (Part Human & Part Divine)
- The Messiah/The Savior/Christ
- Reconciled Men with God
What is Christianity? (3)
Memorize
- Monotheistic (One All - Powerful God)
- Trinity - Father, Son & Holy Spirit
- Bible - Old Testament & New Testament
I LOVE CHRISTIANITY!!!!
What are Martyrs?
Memorize
People willing to die for their faith
