Unit 4 - Classical Civilizations - East and South Asia - China Flashcards
What was the Dynastic Cycle?
Explains how dynasties came in and out of power
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Permission from the gods to rule
What is Feudalism?
- Political & Social Structure
- Exchange of Land for Service
What is the Period of Warring States?
Numerous people in China fought for land and control
What causes Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism to be created?
Period of Warring States - Lack of Order
Who was the founder of Confucianism?
Kong Fuzi (Confucius)
Who was the founder of Daoism?
Loozi (Sage)
Who was the founder of Legalism?
Han Fei
What were the key writings of Daoism?
Daodejing (The War and Its Power)
What were the key writings of Confucianism?
The Analects (Selected Sayings)
What were the key writings of Legalism?
Basic Writings of Han Fei
What was the main belief/practice of Confucianism?
Respect: Li (5 Key Relationships)
What were the 5 Key Relationships?
Ruler - Subject
Parent - Child
Husband - Wife
Elder Sibling - Younger Sibling
Friend - Friend
What were the 3 key beliefs of Daoism?
- Dao
- Ying & Yang
- Wuwei
What is Dao? (2)
- “The Way”
- Universal Force Connected to Nature
What is Yin and Yang? (2)
- Balance of Opposite Forces
- Accepts Good with Bad
What is Wuwei? (2)
- Action through nonaction
- Few Laws
What is the three key beliefs of Legalism? (3)
- Strict Rules
- Harsh Punishment
- People are evil & selfish
Who was Qin Shi Huang Di? (8)
Dynasty, Philosophy, Achievements
- Qin Dynasty
- Legalism
- Standardized Weights
- Standardized Measures
- Standardized Money
- Standardized Language
- Continued to Build the Wall of China
- Established a strong central government
Definition of Civil Service
People obtained government jobs through an examination on Confucianism
Definition of Autocracy
One ruler holds all power w/o limits
Who was Liu Bang? (4)
Dynasty, Philosophy, Achievements
- Han Dynasty
- Confucianism
- Established a Strong Central Government
- Established Civil Service
Definition of Bureaucracy (2)
- Tasks are managed by officials
- Following rules and procedures
Why did China create a monopoly on silk in trade? (3)
- Valuable in Trade
- Production was a state secret
- Maximized Revenue
How did the Han Dynasty experience a Golden Age? Use the 3 p’s.
- There was no period of warring states or a rocky transition of power
- The civil service exam was open to any male, so unemployment was relatively low
- China had a monopoly on silk in the silk road (a series of trade routes), maximizing revenue
- Paper, a technological advancement, allowed “printing”, which duplicated text and literature, increasing learning and cultural diffusion
How did Confucianism influence life and government of the Han Dynasty? (3)
- Civil Service - Examinations on Confucianism
- Conf. supported centralization of power
- Rulers promoted confucian values in gov.
What is a famous quote by Laozi? (2)
- Nature does not hurry
- Yet everything is accomplished
What is a famous quote by Han Fei? (4)
- When the law is used to govern the state
- The state is well-ordered
- When rituals are used to govern the state
- The state is in chaos
What is a famous quote by Confucius? (3)
- Our greatest glory
- Is not in never falling
- But in rising every time we fall