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Unit 7 - Middle Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Manor (4)

A
  1. Comprised of Manor House, Village & Farmland
  2. Manor House - Main residence of the lord
  3. Village - Community of Peasants (Houses, Church, etc.)
  4. Farmland - Worked by the peasants
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2
Q

Definition of Feudalism (2)

A
  1. Political & Social System
  2. Exchange of Land for Service
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3
Q

Definition of Lords

A

Noble Landowners

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4
Q

Definition of Knights/Vassals (3)

A
  1. Warriors
  2. Provided Military Service in Exchange for Land
  3. Followed Code of Chivalry
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5
Q

Definition of Peasants

A

Free Laborers of Land

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6
Q

Definition of Serfs

A

Unfree Laborers of Land

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7
Q

Definition of Manorial System (2)

A
  1. Economic System of Feudalism
  2. Self - Reliant Manors/Estates
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8
Q

Definition of the Dark Ages (3)

A
  1. No Prosperity (Less Trade)
  2. No Peace (Wars & Invasions were Common)
  3. No Progress (No Inventions & Literacy Declines)
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9
Q

What were the Crusades? (2)

A
  1. Series of Religious Wars
  2. Conquest for the Holy Land (Jeuralasm)
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10
Q

Definition of the Domesday Book

A

Record of all land holdings in England to keep track of taxes

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11
Q

Definition of Papacy

A

Pope’s Office

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12
Q

Definition of Magna Carta (4)
(AKA, Definition, Cause & Effect)

A
  1. Historic Document known as the Great Charter
  2. Grievances against King John
  3. Nobles angered by high taxes, spending $ on wars & castles
  4. Limited Monarch’s Power
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13
Q

What were some of the proclamations in the Magna Carta? (3)

A
  1. No imprisonment without trial
  2. Consult lords before taxing
  3. Higher Law - Everyone must follow the law, including the king)
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14
Q

Definition of the Concordat of Worms

A

Church appointed officials, and monarchs provided land to officials

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15
Q

Definition of Lay Investiture (2)

A
  1. Kings appoint church officials
  2. Led to tension & conflict between King Henry & Pope Gregory
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16
Q

Definition of Monasteries (3)

A
  1. Religious Institutions
  2. Housed Monks & Nuns
  3. Wealthy Center of Commerce & Authority
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17
Q

Definition of Guilds (3)

A
  1. Craft Union
  2. Set standards for price and quality
  3. Provided trading and benefits
18
Q

Definition of the Black Plague (3)

A
  1. Pandemic in Europe
  2. Killed 1/3 of Europe’s Population
  3. Sanitation, Construction & Farming Stopped
19
Q

Definition of 3 - Field System (4)

A
  1. Agricultural Method in Middle Ages
  2. Land Divided into 3 Sections
  3. 2 Sections were Planted
  4. Fallow Section was Empty to Regain Nutrients
20
Q

Definition of Secular

A

Non - Religious

21
Q

Definition of Fief (3)

A
  1. Land
  2. Granted from lord to vassal
  3. For military service
22
Q

Definition of Chivalry (3)

A
  1. Code of Ethics Knights Follow
  2. Fought for 3 Masters
  3. Feudal Lord, Lord God & Lady Love
23
Q

Definition of Sacraments

A

Stuff that needs to get completed in order to ascend to heaven

24
Q

Definition of Clergy

A

Religious officers

25
Q

What was the Great Schism? (3)

A
  1. Split of the Roman Catholic Church
  2. 3 Popes at the Same Time (Avignon, Rome & Pisa)
  3. Popes Lost Power & Kings Gained Power
26
Q

What was the Hundred Years’ War? (7)

A
  1. French King Charles IV dies w/o heir
  2. Two Claims to Throne - Edward III of England & Philip of Valois
  3. Periods of War & Peace after Truce bc Both Heirs Die
  4. Joan of Arc won Battle of Orleans
  5. France Wins
  6. Loyalty to King Increases
  7. New Weapons Develop, Less Need for Knights
27
Q

Definition of Vernacular

A

Everyday language/dialect spoken by the ordinary people

28
Q

Who was Charlemagne? (6)

A
  1. Best King of Franks of Dark Ages
  2. Divided Empire to 300 Counties
  3. Kept Close Watch on Counts
  4. Traveled through the Empire
  5. Used Christianity to Unify Empire
  6. Encouraged Education
29
Q

Who was Charles (The Hammer!) Martel? (3)

A
  1. Frankish Military Leader
  2. Defeated the invading Muslims
  3. Prevented Europe from becoming Muslim
30
Q

Who was Pope Gregory VII (3)

A
  1. Wanted to Rid Church of Secular Influence
  2. Outlawed Lay Investiture
  3. Threatened Excommunication to Challengers
31
Q

Who was Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor) (3)

A
  1. Angered by Pope Gregory VII
  2. Called Gregory a False Monk
  3. Got Excommunicated & Begged for Forgiveness
32
Q

Who was William the Conqueror? (3)

A
  1. Edward the Confessor promised William the throne
  2. Led Norman Conquest for English Throne
  3. Defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings
33
Q

Who was King John? (3)

A
  1. Assumed throne after Richard’s death
  2. Nicknamed lackland - Inherited no land
  3. Magna Carta created bc of his cruel behavior
34
Q

Who was Richard the Lionheart? (3)

A
  1. Participated in Third Crusade
  2. Led Christian forces against Saladin
  3. Negotiated peace treaty for safe pilgrimage to the holy city
35
Q

Who was Henry II (England)? (3)

A
  1. Henry & Eleanor ruled France & England
  2. Created Trial by Jury rather than Trial by Ordeal
  3. Send judges throughout England at least once a year
36
Q

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine? (4)

A
  1. Queen of France & England
  2. Largest landowner of Europe
  3. Brought traditions from France (songs, poetry, etc.)
  4. Ruled in absence of sons & raised Richard’s ransom
37
Q

Who was Joan of Arc? (4)

A
  1. Young Peasant Girl
  2. Claimed Saints Told Her France Should Keep Fighting
  3. Led army at the Battle of Orleans
  4. Captured, Tried & Burned at Stake for Heresy
38
Q

Describe cause and effect of feudalism. (2/2)

A
  1. Need for local defense for Peasants
  2. Need for economic self-sufficiency (bc of decentralized gov)
  3. Created a very decentralized government
  4. Formed a rigid social structure
39
Q

What caused some conflicts between the church and the King? How were these resolved temporarily? (7)

A
  1. Pope Gregory VII
  2. Outlawed Lay Investiture
  3. Angered Henry IV
  4. Henry IV called Pope Gregory VII a “false monk”
  5. Henry IV was excommunicated
  6. Henry IV begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness
  7. Concordat of Worms settled the issues
40
Q

What were some of the reasons for the Crusades? What was the impact of these crusades and when did they occur? (4/2)

A

Causes
1. Recapture the Holy Land from Muslims
2. People looking for money due to excess population
3. Peasants & Serfs were promised heaven
4. Too many knights needed something to do
Result
1. Christians negotiated safe travel to holy land
2. Cultural Diffusion

41
Q

What impact did the Hundred Years’ War, the Black Plague and the Great Schism have on the Middle Ages?

A

Great Schism - The Church (Pope) lost Power & Monarch gained Power
Black Plague - Serfs could baragin for higher pay and more freedom
Hundred Years’ War - Nationalism Increased & Loyalty to the King
Crusades - Trade Resumed, Growing Towns, and Decreasing Feudalism

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