Unit 7 Mods 52-57 Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Physiological need
A basic bodily requirement
Drive reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Yerkes-Dodson law
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulated in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger
Set point
The point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight
Basal metabolic rate
Te body’s resting rate of energy output
Obesity
Defined as a body mass index measurement of 30 or higher.
Asexual
Having no sexual attraction to others
Testosterone
The most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Estrogens
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. Estrogen levels peak during ovulation. In nonhuman mammals, this promotes sexual receptivity
Sexual response cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson
Excitement, plateau, orgasm. Resolution
Refractory period
In human sexuality; a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm
Affiliation need
The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Ostracism
Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Narcissism
Excessive self love and self absorption
Achievement morivatiin
A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
Grit
In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals
Emotion
A response of the whole organism, involving 1 physiological arousal 2 expressive behaviors 3 conscious experience
James Lange theory
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to an emotion arousing stimulus
Cannon Bard Theory
The theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1 physiological responses 2 the subjective experience of emotion
Two factor theory
The schacter singer theory that to experience emotion one must 1 be physically aroused and 2 cognitively label the arousal
Polygraph
A machine used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion
Facial feedback effect
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Behavior feedback effect
The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings, and actions
