Unit 5 Mods 31-32

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The persistence of learning overtime through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

Recall

Answer 2

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test

Question 3

Recognition

Answer 3

A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test

Question 4

Relearning

Answer 4

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Question 5

Encoding

Answer 5

The process of getting information into the memory system— for example by extracting meaning

Question 6

Storage

Answer 6

The process of retaining encoded information overtime

Question 7

Retrieval

Answer 7

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 8

Parallel processing

Answer 8

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

Question 9

Sensory memory

Answer 9

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 10

Short term memory

Answer 10

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of her phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten

Question 11

Long term memory

Answer 11

The relatively permanent and limitless store house of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Question 12

Working memory

Answer 12

A newer understanding of short term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

Question 13

Explicit memory

Answer 13

Retention of facts and experiences that one can unconsciously know and declare
declarative memory

Question 14

Effortful processing

Answer 14

And coding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 15

Automatic processing

Answer 15

Unconscious and coding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings

Question 16

Implicit memory

Answer 16

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Question 17

Iconic memory

Answer 17

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Question 18

Echoic memory

Answer 18

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds in words can still be recalled within three or four seconds

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Question 20

Mnemonics

Answer 20

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery in organizational devices

Question 21

Spacing effect

Answer 21

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention then is achieved through massed study or practice

Question 22

Testing effect

Answer 22

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply re-reading, information.
test enhance learning
retrieval practice effect

Question 23

Shallow processing

Answer 23

And coding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Question 24

Deep processing

Answer 24

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

Question 25

Semantic memory

Answer 25

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems

Question 26

Episodic memory

Answer 26

Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems

Question 27

Hippocampus

Answer 27

A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories of facts and events for storage

Question 28

Memory consolidation

Answer 28

The neural storage of a long term memory

Question 29

Flashbulb memory

Answer 29

A clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 30

Long term potentiation

Answer 30

An increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory

Question 31

Priming

Answer 31

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Question 32

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 32

The idea that cues and context specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

Question 33

Mood congruent memory

Answer 33

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Question 34

Serial position effect

Answer 34

Are tendency to recall best The last in first items in a list