Unit 7 Evolution Flashcards
the study of how living things change over time
evolution
when nature determines the variety of traits, but humans choose which traits are desirable
Artificial selection
An inheritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce is called a
adaption
The eyes of a blind cavefish are an example of a
vestigial structure
Who developed the theory of evolution that includes natural selection?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
Who wrote On the Origin of Species and conducted most of his research on the Galapagos Islands , which lie off of the coast of Ecuador, South America
Charles Darwin
who should also be credited with the theory of natural selection, and was a contemporary of Darwin
Alfred Wallace
Change over time
evolution
Inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival
adaptation
Preserved remains of an ancient organism
fossil
The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their environment survive and leave more offspring than others
natural selection
Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
fitness
bat wing and mouse arm
homologous structure
reptile foot and bird food
homologous structure
dolphin fin and fish tail
analogous structure
our ways in which fossils can be formed are
Amber
Ice/Snow
Sedimentary Rock
Bogs or quicksand
The method of dating fossils by comparing amount of radioactive atoms to nonradioactive atoms is known as
radiometric/radioactive dating
The amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is called its
half-life
Describe Darwin’s 4 basic assumptions
In nature there is a tendency towards overproduction
There is a struggle for existence; not all organisms produced survive
.In every population there exists variations which can be inherited
The “fittest” survive. (Natural Selection)
Use it or lose it!
L
If you lift weights your children will be born with large muscles
D
Organisms compete for survival
D
When drought comes, only those plants that are drought resistance will survive
D
The fittest individuals survive to reproduce
D
Early bird-like creature wanted to fly, so they developed wings
L
If an organism desires a trait, they acquire the trait to survive
L
Variations naturally exist in a population
D
Overproduction and competition bring about evolutionary change
D
Giraffes with long necks survived and reproduced, while short-necked giraffes dies off because they couldn’t reach the leaves on trees
D
The Earth is approximately
4.5 billion years old
Which compounds/gases were present in the early earth’s atmosphere?
Methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor
Which compounds were used in Miller and Urey’s experiment in 1953?
Methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor
What did the electric current represent in the experiment?
Lightning
Which substances were produced at the end of the experiment?
Amino acids
The first organisms found in the earth’s oceans were
Anaerobic
an inherited trait or set of traits that aids the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular environment
Adaptation
A spider spinning a web is an example of a
physiological adaptation
the different beaks of birds are examples of
morphological adaptations
Migration of birds and caribou and the storing of nuts by squirrels are examples of
behavioral adaptations
The evolution of a new species is known as
speciation
When a single species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways, this is known as
adaptive radiation.
