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Biology > Unit 7 Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 7 Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of how living things change over time

A

evolution

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2
Q

when nature determines the variety of traits, but humans choose which traits are desirable

A

Artificial selection

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3
Q

An inheritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce is called a

A

adaption

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4
Q

The eyes of a blind cavefish are an example of a

A

vestigial structure

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5
Q

Who developed the theory of evolution that includes natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

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6
Q

Who wrote On the Origin of Species and conducted most of his research on the Galapagos Islands , which lie off of the coast of Ecuador, South America

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

who should also be credited with the theory of natural selection, and was a contemporary of Darwin

A

Alfred Wallace

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8
Q

Change over time

A

evolution

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9
Q

Inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

A

adaptation

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10
Q

Preserved remains of an ancient organism

A

fossil

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11
Q

The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their environment survive and leave more offspring than others

A

natural selection

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12
Q

Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment

A

fitness

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13
Q

bat wing and mouse arm

A

homologous structure

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14
Q

reptile foot and bird food

A

homologous structure

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15
Q

dolphin fin and fish tail

A

analogous structure

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16
Q

our ways in which fossils can be formed are

A

Amber
Ice/Snow
Sedimentary Rock
Bogs or quicksand

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17
Q

The method of dating fossils by comparing amount of radioactive atoms to nonradioactive atoms is known as

A

radiometric/radioactive dating

18
Q

The amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is called its

A

half-life

19
Q

Describe Darwin’s 4 basic assumptions

A

In nature there is a tendency towards overproduction

There is a struggle for existence; not all organisms produced survive

.In every population there exists variations which can be inherited

The “fittest” survive. (Natural Selection)

20
Q

Use it or lose it!

A

L

21
Q

If you lift weights your children will be born with large muscles

A

D

22
Q

Organisms compete for survival

A

D

23
Q

When drought comes, only those plants that are drought resistance will survive

A

D

24
Q

The fittest individuals survive to reproduce

A

D

25
Q

Early bird-like creature wanted to fly, so they developed wings

A

L

26
Q

If an organism desires a trait, they acquire the trait to survive

A

L

27
Q

Variations naturally exist in a population

A

D

28
Q

Overproduction and competition bring about evolutionary change

A

D

29
Q

Giraffes with long necks survived and reproduced, while short-necked giraffes dies off because they couldn’t reach the leaves on trees

A

D

30
Q

The Earth is approximately

A

4.5 billion years old

31
Q

Which compounds/gases were present in the early earth’s atmosphere?

A

Methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor

32
Q

Which compounds were used in Miller and Urey’s experiment in 1953?

A

Methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor

33
Q

What did the electric current represent in the experiment?

A

Lightning

34
Q

Which substances were produced at the end of the experiment?

A

Amino acids

35
Q

The first organisms found in the earth’s oceans were

A

Anaerobic

36
Q

an inherited trait or set of traits that aids the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism in a particular environment

A

Adaptation

37
Q

A spider spinning a web is an example of a

A

physiological adaptation

38
Q

the different beaks of birds are examples of

A

morphological adaptations

39
Q

Migration of birds and caribou and the storing of nuts by squirrels are examples of

A

behavioral adaptations

40
Q

The evolution of a new species is known as

A

speciation

41
Q

When a single species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways, this is known as

A

adaptive radiation.

Biology (8 decks)

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