Unit 10 Digestion Flashcards
What type of organism is an aquatic filter feeder?
Sponge Detritivores
An organism that was dissected in class, that has a one-way digestive tract is an
Earthworm
Which is more advanced, a one way or two way digestive tract?
One-way
Another name for alimentary canal is
Digestive Tract
Do humans have a one-way or two-way digestive system?
one way
Define intracellular digestion and example
food is digested inside cells (no digestive track
Example - sponge
Define extra cellular digestion:
Example
food is digested outside cells in a digestive system
Example -US
Earthworm
Detritivore, one-way digestive tract
Sponge
Filter feeder, two digestive tract
Hydra
Chunk feeder, two way digestive tract
racoon
heterotroph, one way digestive tract
Diseases such as scurvy can result from vitamin deficiencies
true
Calcium is essential for bones and teeth
true
Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin found in red blood cells
true
An iodine deficiency can result in a goiter
true
Rickets or weak/bowed bones results from a vitamin D deficiency
true
Night blindness is caused by a protein deficiency
false
Minerals are inorganic substances needed in small quantities
true
Vitamins include A, B, C, D, E, and K and are organic substances
true
Name the 6 nutrients essential to humans
water carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals
- essential for many body processes
- bulk of blood and other bodily fluids
water
- main energy source for the body
- helps food and waste move through digestive system
carbohydrate
- material for producing membranes and hormones
- insulates the body and stores energy
fat
raw materials for growth and repair
protein
organic molecules that help regulate body processes
vitamins
inorganic nutrients used for making bones, teeth, and
hemoglobin
minerals
Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta
grains
Apples, oranges, and blueberries
fruits
Fish, chicken, beans, and nuts
protein
Milk, yogurt, and low-fat cheeses
dairy
Broccoli, spinach, and carrots
vegetables
Which food group should make up the largest part of your diet?
grains
Which food group should be used in very small amounts?
oils
the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram one degree celsisu
calorie:
Which food type has the greatest number of calories per gram?
fats
Taking in food for digestion is known as
ingestion
taking in nutrients into the
circulatory system is known as
absorption
The teeth used for tearing and cutting (like nailclippers) in humans are called
incisors
Teeth used for piercing, like a fork, are known as
canines
teeth used for
grinding food are known as
molars
Name one part of the human digestive tract where no chemical digestion occurs
intestine esophagus
Where does chemical digestion begin?
mouth
Starches are broken down by the enzyme
salivary amylase
The __________connects the mouth to the stomach.
esophagus
a series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations that move food along the digestive tract
peristalsis
Food known as chyme passes from the stomach through the ____________ _____________into the
small intestines.
pyloric sphinctor
What produces bile?
liver
what stores bile, which is needed to emulsify fats
gall bladder
Most chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the
small intestine
where are chemicals reabsorbed
large intestine
The inner lining of the small intestine is covered with __, which greatly increases the surface area for absorption
villi
Feces is stored in the
rectum
released through the anus in a process called
elimination
List the pathway that food takes, as it passes through the organs of the digestive tract:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus
The test used for proteins is using Biuret reagent. If protein is present, then the color changes
from blue to
purple
The test for starch is to use iodine. If starch is present, then the color changes from brown to
blue-black
The test for fats uses a brown paper bag. If the bag is ________________ then fats are present
translucent
A hamburger is made up of
protein and fat
Fries are made up of
fat and carbohydrates
Each of the tests for nutrients used a control, which was
water
In a food label’s ingredient list, the food in the greatest amount is listed
first
the food that is found in the smallest amount is listed
last
an enzyme found in the mouth and small intestine, it breaks down starch into maltose
amylase
the enzyme which breaks down fats into fatty acid and glycerol
lipase
the enzyme which breaks down sucrose into simpler sugars
sucrase
breaks large fat molecules into smaller ones, not an enzyme
bile
breaks proteins into smaller polypeptide
pepsin
acid found in the stomach which kills bacteria
HCI
breaks down milk sugars
lactase
the small intestine is lined with
villi which increase the surface area for absorption
bile is produced in the
liver
bile is stored in the
pancreas
in the stomach, is the only nutrient which is chemically digested
FAT
food travels down the esophagus by the rhythmic muscular contractions known as
peristalsis
the gland which produces many of the enzymes involved in digestion
gall bladder
bile and many enzymes are released into
small intestine making this the place where most digestion occurs
