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Biology > Unit 10 Digestion > Flashcards

Unit 10 Digestion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of organism is an aquatic filter feeder?

A

Sponge Detritivores

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2
Q

An organism that was dissected in class, that has a one-way digestive tract is an

A

Earthworm

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3
Q

Which is more advanced, a one way or two way digestive tract?

A

One-way

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4
Q

Another name for alimentary canal is

A

Digestive Tract

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5
Q

Do humans have a one-way or two-way digestive system?

A

one way

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6
Q

Define intracellular digestion and example

A

food is digested inside cells (no digestive track

Example - sponge

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7
Q

Define extra cellular digestion:

Example

A

food is digested outside cells in a digestive system

Example -US

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8
Q

Earthworm

A

Detritivore, one-way digestive tract

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9
Q

Sponge

A

Filter feeder, two digestive tract

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10
Q

Hydra

A

Chunk feeder, two way digestive tract

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11
Q

racoon

A

heterotroph, one way digestive tract

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12
Q

Diseases such as scurvy can result from vitamin deficiencies

A

true

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13
Q

Calcium is essential for bones and teeth

A

true

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14
Q

Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin found in red blood cells

A

true

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15
Q

An iodine deficiency can result in a goiter

A

true

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16
Q

Rickets or weak/bowed bones results from a vitamin D deficiency

A

true

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17
Q

Night blindness is caused by a protein deficiency

A

false

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18
Q

Minerals are inorganic substances needed in small quantities

A

true

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19
Q

Vitamins include A, B, C, D, E, and K and are organic substances

A

true

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20
Q

Name the 6 nutrients essential to humans

A 
water
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
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21
Q
  • essential for many body processes

- bulk of blood and other bodily fluids

A

water

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22
Q
  • main energy source for the body

- helps food and waste move through digestive system

A

carbohydrate

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23
Q
  • material for producing membranes and hormones

- insulates the body and stores energy

A

fat

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24
Q

raw materials for growth and repair

A

protein

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25
Q

organic molecules that help regulate body processes

A

vitamins

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26
Q

inorganic nutrients used for making bones, teeth, and

hemoglobin

A

minerals

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27
Q

Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta

A

grains

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28
Q

Apples, oranges, and blueberries

A

fruits

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29
Q

Fish, chicken, beans, and nuts

A

protein

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30
Q

Milk, yogurt, and low-fat cheeses

A

dairy

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31
Q

Broccoli, spinach, and carrots

A

vegetables

32
Q

Which food group should make up the largest part of your diet?

A

grains

33
Q

Which food group should be used in very small amounts?

A

oils

34
Q

the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram one degree celsisu

A

calorie:

35
Q

Which food type has the greatest number of calories per gram?

A

fats

36
Q

Taking in food for digestion is known as

A

ingestion

37
Q

taking in nutrients into the

circulatory system is known as

A

absorption

38
Q

The teeth used for tearing and cutting (like nailclippers) in humans are called

A

incisors

39
Q

Teeth used for piercing, like a fork, are known as

A

canines

40
Q

teeth used for

grinding food are known as

A

molars

41
Q

Name one part of the human digestive tract where no chemical digestion occurs

A

intestine esophagus

42
Q

Where does chemical digestion begin?

A

mouth

43
Q

Starches are broken down by the enzyme

A

salivary amylase

44
Q

The __________connects the mouth to the stomach.

A

esophagus

45
Q

a series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations that move food along the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

46
Q

Food known as chyme passes from the stomach through the ____________ _____________into the

small intestines.

A

pyloric sphinctor

47
Q

What produces bile?

A

liver

48
Q

what stores bile, which is needed to emulsify fats

A

gall bladder

49
Q

Most chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the

A

small intestine

50
Q

where are chemicals reabsorbed

A

large intestine

51
Q

The inner lining of the small intestine is covered with __, which greatly increases the surface area for absorption

A

villi

52
Q

Feces is stored in the

A

rectum

53
Q

released through the anus in a process called

A

elimination

54
Q

List the pathway that food takes, as it passes through the organs of the digestive tract:

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus

55
Q

The test used for proteins is using Biuret reagent. If protein is present, then the color changes

from blue to

A

purple

56
Q

The test for starch is to use iodine. If starch is present, then the color changes from brown to

A

blue-black

57
Q

The test for fats uses a brown paper bag. If the bag is ________________ then fats are present

A

translucent

58
Q

A hamburger is made up of

A

protein and fat

59
Q

Fries are made up of

A

fat and carbohydrates

60
Q

Each of the tests for nutrients used a control, which was

A

water

61
Q

In a food label’s ingredient list, the food in the greatest amount is listed

A

first

62
Q

the food that is found in the smallest amount is listed

A

last

63
Q

an enzyme found in the mouth and small intestine, it breaks down starch into maltose

A

amylase

64
Q

the enzyme which breaks down fats into fatty acid and glycerol

A

lipase

65
Q

the enzyme which breaks down sucrose into simpler sugars

A

sucrase

66
Q

breaks large fat molecules into smaller ones, not an enzyme

A

bile

67
Q

breaks proteins into smaller polypeptide

A

pepsin

68
Q

acid found in the stomach which kills bacteria

A

HCI

69
Q

breaks down milk sugars

A

lactase

70
Q

the small intestine is lined with

A

villi which increase the surface area for absorption

71
Q

bile is produced in the

A

liver

72
Q

bile is stored in the

A

pancreas

73
Q

in the stomach, is the only nutrient which is chemically digested

A

FAT

74
Q

food travels down the esophagus by the rhythmic muscular contractions known as

A

peristalsis

75
Q

the gland which produces many of the enzymes involved in digestion

A

gall bladder

76
Q

bile and many enzymes are released into

A

small intestine making this the place where most digestion occurs

Biology (8 decks)

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