Unit 11 Circulation Flashcards
The system of blood and the structures through which it passes is known as the
Circulatory System
system blood is contained in blood vessels part of time, hemocoel is present, where blood leaves blood vessels
open circulatory system
system where blood is contained in blood vessels at all times
Closed circulatory System
Which one of the following organisms has a closed circulatory system?
earthworm
Which one of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?
grasshopper
Which organism above has 5 aortic arches and a dorsal and ventral blood vessel?
earthworm
Annelids, and animals with backbones, known as
vertebrates (closed circulatory system)
Define and give an example of an animal with a single loop system
circulatory system that delivers blood heart to gills
Ex. Fish
Define and give an example of an animal with a double loop system
circulatory system with two circuits/loops pump to lung and blood pumped to rest of the body
Ex. Mammals
Two chambered hearts are found in
fish
three chambered hearts are present in
amphibians and ceptilles
In the circulatory system, the pump is a
heart
In the circulatory system, the liquid is called the
blood
The largest blood vessels in the body that are under high pressure are
arteries
The largest of these is called the what and leaves the heart to deliver oxygenated blood to the body.
aorta
The smallest blood vessels through which gas exchange (O2 and CO2) occurs are known as
capillaries
Blood vessels that have valves to prevent backflow of blood are
veins
A healthy human heart at rest will beat approximately
70 per minute
Blood helps regulate body temperature and fight infections.
true
Plasma is about 50 percent water.
false 90
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.
true
White blood cells are responsible for blood clotting.
false platelets cells
Which type of blood cell carries oxygen and contains hemoglobin?
RBC
Which blood cells help fight infection?
WBC
Of the 3 types of blood cells, which type is found in the greatest number?
RBC
Which type of blood cell is normally the lowest in number in a healthy individual?
WBC
In a normal blood sample, the % of the sample that makes up plasma is
55%
while the % of blood cells is_____.
45%
90% of plasma is made up of what, with dissolved proteins, nutrients, salts,
H20 WATER
The instrument used to measure blood pressure is known as a blood pressure cuff or
sphygmomanometer
The average adult blood pressure is
120/80
The top number reflects the
systolic
the bottom number reflects the
diastolic
A medical term used to describe high blood pressure is
hypertension
List 3 ways one can reduce high blood pressure
reduce stress
stop smoking
exercise regular
lower in salt take
An EKG, or electrocardiogram is a test used to measure the
electrical activity of the heart
The human heartbeat starts in the right atrium, where the
pacemaker or SA node is located
If one has an irregular heartbeat, an artificial
pacemaker
What was the (part of the brain stem) controls the heartbeat rate in humans.
Medulla Oblongata
The four chambers of the human heart include two
atria and ventricles
The what has the thickest muscle wall because it must pump blood against gravity and to all parts of the body.
left ventricle
The what divides the two lower chambers of the heart and prevents blood from mixing
septum
the what side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the
right
while the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the
body
The what arteries, on the outside of the heart, supply the heart muscle itself with
needed oxygen and nutrients.
coronary
If one of these arteries becomes blocked, this results in a
heart attack
plaque builds up in artery walls
atherosclerosis
blood supply to the brain is interrupted
stroke
also called hypertension
high blood pressure
heart muscle cells die from lack of oxygen
heart attack
