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Biology > Unit 5 Genetics Test > Flashcards

Unit 5 Genetics Test Flashcards

1
Q

LIst the 4 phases of Mitosis in the correct order

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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2
Q

What is the name of the resting and growth phase where ells spend the most time?

A

interphase

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3
Q

which type of cell division occurs in skin, hair, and tissue cells?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

which type of cell division produces eggs and sperm (Gametes)?

A

Meiosis

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5
Q

how many chromosomes are present in normal human sperm and egg cells?

A

46

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6
Q

division of the cytoplasm of a cell

A

cytokinesis

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7
Q

condition in which cells grow uncontrollaby

A

cancer

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8
Q

a nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes

A

telophase

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9
Q

sister chromatids separate

A

anaphase

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10
Q

a spindle forms

A

prophase

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11
Q

chromosomes line up across center/equator of the cell

A

metaphase

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12
Q

the genetic material condenses and chromosomes become visible

A

prophase

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13
Q

chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell

A

anaphase

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14
Q

the cytoplasm divides

A

cytokinesis

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15
Q

crossing over occurs between tetrads

A

prophase 1

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16
Q

paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

A

metaphase 1

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17
Q

spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward an opposite end of the cell

A

anaphase 1

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18
Q

chromosomes line up “single file” at the center of the cell

A

Metaphase 2

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19
Q

when an egg and sperm join, how many chromosomes does a resulting human zygote have?

A

46

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20
Q

number of daughter cells in Mitosis

A

2

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21
Q

number of daughter cells in meiosis

A

4 sperm, 1 egg

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22
Q

daughter cells haploid (n) or diploid (2n) mitosis

A

diploid

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23
Q

daughter cells haploid (n) or diploid (2n) meiosis

A

haploid

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24
Q

number of cell division in mitosis

A

1

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25
Q

number of cell division in meiosis

A

2

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26
Q

how many total chromosomes are present in a normal human karyotype

A

46

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27
Q

how many pairs of sex chromosomes are there

A

23

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28
Q

the 23rd pair of chromosomes in a female are written as

A

xx

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29
Q

the 23rd pair of chromosomes in a male are written as

A

xy

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30
Q

a technique used to remove amniotic fluid from the uterus of a pregnant mother is known as

A

amniocentesis

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31
Q

can then be constructed to determine any chromosomal disorders, or simply determine the sex of the unborn child

A

karyotype

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32
Q

a picture of an unborn child can be used to determine if there are any abnormalities. One technique that uses sound waves is called

A

ultrasonography (Ultrasound)

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33
Q

if an individual has _____, then they have an extra set of chromosomes at chromosome pair #21.

A

down syndrome

34
Q

If a child only has one X in their sex chromosomes, then it has the disorder known as ___

A

Turner’s syndrome

35
Q

define Phenotype

A

outward physical appearance

36
Q

define genotype

A

Actual genes (alleles)

37
Q

define dominant

A

form of allele that prevents expression of the other

38
Q

define recessive

A

form of allele that must be homozygous in order for that trait to be seen

39
Q

who is known as the “father of genetics”

A

gregor mendel

40
Q

which organism did he conduct most of his students in genetics with?

A

pea plants

41
Q

when you solve a genetics problem using punnett square, are the results you get considered to be expected results or observed results

A

observed

42
Q

a women is pregnant. What are the chances her baby will be a boy?

A

50%

43
Q

the sex of a child is determined by which parent?

A

father

44
Q

sex linked traits such as colorblindness and hemophilia are carried on the __ chromosome.

A

X

45
Q

males either inherit the dominant or recessive gene from their ___ on the X chromosome.

A

mother

46
Q

if their mother is colorblind or has hemophilia, then __ of all the boys born to her will have either of the diseases

A

100%

47
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

48
Q

where is DNA found?

A

The nucleus

49
Q

who discovered DNA?

A

watson and crick

50
Q

the scientists described their model of DNA in 1953 as a __

A

double helix

51
Q

the x-ray photograph of ______ helped the two men discover the structure of the molecule

A

Rosalind Franklin

52
Q

name the 3 molecules that make up DNA

A
  1. Deoxyribose
  2. Phosphate
  3. Nitrogen bases
53
Q

If we think of DNA as a ladder, what makes up the sides?

A

deoxyribose and phosphate

54
Q

If we think of DNA as a ladder, what makes up the rungs, or steps?

A

nitrogen bases

55
Q

in DNA thymine (T) bonds with ___

A

adenine

56
Q

Cytosine (C) bonds with __

A

Guanine

57
Q

DNA can make a copy of itself in a process called?

A

replication

58
Q

When does replication occur?

A

in the nucleus during interphase of the cell cycle.

59
Q

sections of DNA, which make up each chromosome are known as

A

genes

60
Q

genes control the synthesis of ___

A

proteins

61
Q

3 differences between DNA and RNA

A
  1. single stranded instead of double
  2. ribose instead of deoxyribose
  3. uracil instead of thymine
62
Q

the 3 nitrogen base combinations of mRNA

A

condons

63
Q

the 3 nitrogen base combinations on tRNA are called ___

A

anticodons

64
Q

what is the name of the process where mRNA is made

A

transcript

65
Q

what is the name of the process that follows transcription and translates the message of RNA into a protein?

A

translation

66
Q

each of the three bases on the mRNA codes for a specific _____, such as trp, phe, gly, and ser.

A

amino acid

67
Q

These are bonded together to form a ___

A

protein

68
Q

The ______ identified about 20,000 genes in human DNA and its sequence of about 3 billion base pairs.

A

Human Genome Project

69
Q

A ____ is all of the DNA in an organism including its genes

A

Genome

70
Q

A technique used to separate out DNA fragments for analysis, including for forensic evidence, its known as

A

gel electrophoresis

71
Q

list 3 ways that DNA technology is currently being used to help humans

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. Disease diognosis + treatment
  3. Tracing human migration patterns
72
Q

thymine

A

The base that pairs Adenine in DNA.

73
Q

adenine

A

The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA.

74
Q

cytosine

A

The base that pairs with guanine in DNA.

75
Q

A karyotype with three 21st chromosomes is that of someone with:

A

Down syndrome

76
Q

Which genetic screening process allows a doctor to look at the chromosomes of a fetus?

A

amniocentesis

77
Q

Green seeds (G) are dominant to yellow seeds (g). If two heterozygous green seeded plants are crossed, what percent of the offspring would you expect to have yellow seeds?

A

25%

78
Q

A blueprint of an individual’s chromosomes is called a:

A

Karyotype

79
Q

A chart showing the inheritance of a genetic disorder through a family is called a:

A

pedigree

80
Q

Proteins are made up of subunits of:

A

amino acids

81
Q

When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

interphase

82
Q

Muscle cells, skin cells, and liver cells undergo:

A

mitosis

Biology (8 decks)

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