Semester 2 Final Flashcards
The science of classification is called
Taxonomy
The Swedish botanist, Linneaus set up the 2-name naming system used in classification, known as
binomal
List the correct order of the seven taxa, from most general to most specific
Kingdom Phylum class order family genus species
An organism’s scientific name is made up of the
genus and species
Write the correct 2-name, scientific name for humans
homo sapiens
The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. Felis is the
genus name
the 6 kingdoms include
Protista, fungi, animalia, plantae, Eubacteria, archaebacteria
Animals without backbones are classified as
invertebrates
Animals that have an exoskeleton made of chitin are in the Phylum
arthropoda
Animals with radial symmetry and a water-vascular system are in the Phylum
Echinodermata
Earthworms belong to the Phylum what and are hermaphrodites with hydrostatic skeletons
Anneida
Name 2 Kingdoms whose members are prokaryotic
eubacteria and archaebacteria
Name the 4 Kingdoms whose members are all eukaryotic
plantae, animalia, fungi, protista
Flowering plants can be classified into two groups
monocots or dicots
Plants with scattered vascular bundles in stem and long thin leaves with parallel veins are known as
monocots
Corn is a
monocots
soybeans/beans are classified as
dicots
what have vascular bundles in rings in their stems and broad leaves with netted veins
dicots
Two types of conducting tissues in plants are
xylem and phloem
conducts water and minerals; makes up the wood of roots and stems
xylem
conducts food (glucose) in both ways in a plant
phloem
Define transpiration and how it occurs in plants
loss of water from leaves through stomata
Transpiration is controlled by two
guard
cells that regulate the opening of the
stoma
Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the
palisade layer of leaves
Energy for photosynthesis ultimately comes from the
sun and is made up of many wavelengths
This energy is known as radiant energy and is changed into chemical bond energy by the what pigment found in chloroplasts within the cell
chlorophyll
In photosynthesis, CO2 + H2O yields glucose +
oxygen (02)
reaction-energy is used to split water and make ATP
light
reaction-carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen and uses energy from ATP to make glucose
dark
the process of breaking apart food both chemically and physically and then absorbing nutrients
digestion
Chemical digestion is aided by proteins called
enzymes
Six Basic Nutrients Needed by the Human Body
water, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, proteins
Four Basic food groups
grains/breads, meats/poultry, fats/oils, fruits/veggies
the movement of food through the digestive tract
peristalsis
Define alimentary canal
digestive tract
Path of food through the alimentary canal
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, large intestine, Rectum, Anus
Carbohydrates are chemically broken down into
glucose
proteins are broken down into
amino acids
fats are broken down into
glycerol and fatty acids
Salivary Glands - produce
saliva that contains an enzyme called salivary acids
The liver produces
bile and the all bladder stores it
The pancreas produces
enzymes to digest starch, fat and protein
small finger-like structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine to increase absorption
VILLI
chemically breaks down and absorbs foods
small intestine
absorbs water and sends undigested waste to the rectum
large intestine
Which is more advanced, a one way or two way digestive tract?
one way bc we humans have it
Do humans have a one-way or two-way digestive system?
one way
Diseases such as scurvy can result from vitamin deficiencies
true
Calcium is essential for bones and teeth
true
Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin found in red blood cells
true
An iodine deficiency can result in a goiter
true
Rickets or weak/bowed bones results from a vitamin D deficiency
true
Define a calorie
amount of energy necessary to raise 1 gram of h20
Which food type has the greatest number of calories per gram? (fat, carbohydrate or protein?)
fat 8 cal/g
Name one part of the human digestive tract where no chemical digestion occurs
esophagus
Where does chemical digestion begin?
mouth, Starches in the mouth are broken down by the enzyme
the what connects the mouth to the stomach
pharynix
a series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations that move food along the digestive tract
peristalsis
the what produces bile?
liver
the what stores bile?
gallbladder, which is needed to emulsify fats (break them down into smaller globules of fat)
Most chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the
small intestine
Fish - ____ chambers
2
Amphibians and reptiles - ____ chambers
3
Birds and mammals - _______ chambers
4
are vessels that carry blood away from the heart and must withstand high pressure and be flexible
arteries
are vessels that carry blood toward the heart and have valves
veins
site of exchange between blood and tissues
capillaries
Name the 2 chambers that deliver blood to the 2 ventricles in the human heart
right atrium and left atrium
Describe pulmonary circulation
circulation between heart lungs
Describe systemic circulation
circulation between heart and body
the term used to describe when the heart is contracted
systole
A normal blood pressure in an adult is
120/80 and measured by sphygmomanometer
What part of the brain controls both heartbeat and breathing rate?
pace maker
The filtration units in the kidneys are called
neurons
Substances that are filtered out and end up in urine include
urea, salts, amino acid
Substances that are too large to be filtered out include blood cells and
proteins
During reabsorption, substances such as water, salt and
sugar will be taken back into the blood stream
