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Biology > Semester 2 Final > Flashcards

Semester 2 Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The science of classification is called

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q

The Swedish botanist, Linneaus set up the 2-name naming system used in classification, known as

A

binomal

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3
Q

List the correct order of the seven taxa, from most general to most specific

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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4
Q

An organism’s scientific name is made up of the

A

genus and species

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5
Q

Write the correct 2-name, scientific name for humans

A

homo sapiens

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6
Q

The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. Felis is the

A

genus name

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7
Q

the 6 kingdoms include

A

Protista, fungi, animalia, plantae, Eubacteria, archaebacteria

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8
Q

Animals without backbones are classified as

A

invertebrates

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9
Q

Animals that have an exoskeleton made of chitin are in the Phylum

A

arthropoda

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10
Q

Animals with radial symmetry and a water-vascular system are in the Phylum

A

Echinodermata

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11
Q

Earthworms belong to the Phylum what and are hermaphrodites with hydrostatic skeletons

A

Anneida

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12
Q

Name 2 Kingdoms whose members are prokaryotic

A

eubacteria and archaebacteria

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13
Q

Name the 4 Kingdoms whose members are all eukaryotic

A

plantae, animalia, fungi, protista

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14
Q

Flowering plants can be classified into two groups

A

monocots or dicots

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15
Q

Plants with scattered vascular bundles in stem and long thin leaves with parallel veins are known as

A

monocots

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16
Q

Corn is a

A

monocots

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17
Q

soybeans/beans are classified as

A

dicots

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18
Q

what have vascular bundles in rings in their stems and broad leaves with netted veins

A

dicots

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19
Q

Two types of conducting tissues in plants are

A

xylem and phloem

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20
Q

conducts water and minerals; makes up the wood of roots and stems

A

xylem

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21
Q

conducts food (glucose) in both ways in a plant

A

phloem

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22
Q

Define transpiration and how it occurs in plants

A

loss of water from leaves through stomata

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23
Q

Transpiration is controlled by two

A

guard

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24
Q

cells that regulate the opening of the

A

stoma

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25
Q

Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the

A

palisade layer of leaves

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26
Q

Energy for photosynthesis ultimately comes from the

A

sun and is made up of many wavelengths

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27
Q

This energy is known as radiant energy and is changed into chemical bond energy by the what pigment found in chloroplasts within the cell

A

chlorophyll

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28
Q

In photosynthesis, CO2 + H2O yields glucose +

A

oxygen (02)

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29
Q

reaction-energy is used to split water and make ATP

A

light

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30
Q

reaction-carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen and uses energy from ATP to make glucose

A

dark

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31
Q

the process of breaking apart food both chemically and physically and then absorbing nutrients

A

digestion

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32
Q

Chemical digestion is aided by proteins called

A

enzymes

33
Q

Six Basic Nutrients Needed by the Human Body

A

water, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, proteins

34
Q

Four Basic food groups

A

grains/breads, meats/poultry, fats/oils, fruits/veggies

35
Q

the movement of food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

36
Q

Define alimentary canal

A

digestive tract

37
Q

Path of food through the alimentary canal

A

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, large intestine, Rectum, Anus

38
Q

Carbohydrates are chemically broken down into

A

glucose

39
Q

proteins are broken down into

A

amino acids

40
Q

fats are broken down into

A

glycerol and fatty acids

41
Q

Salivary Glands - produce

A

saliva that contains an enzyme called salivary acids

42
Q

The liver produces

A

bile and the all bladder stores it

43
Q

The pancreas produces

A

enzymes to digest starch, fat and protein

44
Q

small finger-like structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine to increase absorption

A

VILLI

45
Q

chemically breaks down and absorbs foods

A

small intestine

46
Q

absorbs water and sends undigested waste to the rectum

A

large intestine

47
Q

Which is more advanced, a one way or two way digestive tract?

A

one way bc we humans have it

48
Q

Do humans have a one-way or two-way digestive system?

A

one way

49
Q

Diseases such as scurvy can result from vitamin deficiencies

A

true

50
Q

Calcium is essential for bones and teeth

A

true

51
Q

Iron is important in the production of hemoglobin found in red blood cells

A

true

52
Q

An iodine deficiency can result in a goiter

A

true

53
Q

Rickets or weak/bowed bones results from a vitamin D deficiency

A

true

54
Q

Define a calorie

A

amount of energy necessary to raise 1 gram of h20

55
Q

Which food type has the greatest number of calories per gram? (fat, carbohydrate or protein?)

A

fat 8 cal/g

56
Q

Name one part of the human digestive tract where no chemical digestion occurs

A

esophagus

57
Q

Where does chemical digestion begin?

A

mouth, Starches in the mouth are broken down by the enzyme

58
Q

the what connects the mouth to the stomach

A

pharynix

59
Q

a series of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations that move food along the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

60
Q

the what produces bile?

A

liver

61
Q

the what stores bile?

A 
gallbladder, which is needed to 
 emulsify fats (break them down into smaller globules of fat)
62
Q

Most chemical digestion and absorption occurs in the

A

small intestine

63
Q

Fish - ____ chambers

A

2

64
Q

Amphibians and reptiles - ____ chambers

A

3

65
Q

Birds and mammals - _______ chambers

A

4

66
Q

are vessels that carry blood away from the heart and must withstand high pressure and be flexible

A

arteries

67
Q

are vessels that carry blood toward the heart and have valves

A

veins

68
Q

site of exchange between blood and tissues

A

capillaries

69
Q

Name the 2 chambers that deliver blood to the 2 ventricles in the human heart

A

right atrium and left atrium

70
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

circulation between heart lungs

71
Q

Describe systemic circulation

A

circulation between heart and body

72
Q

the term used to describe when the heart is contracted

A

systole

73
Q

A normal blood pressure in an adult is

A

120/80 and measured by sphygmomanometer

74
Q

What part of the brain controls both heartbeat and breathing rate?

A

pace maker

75
Q

The filtration units in the kidneys are called

A

neurons

76
Q

Substances that are filtered out and end up in urine include

A

urea, salts, amino acid

77
Q

Substances that are too large to be filtered out include blood cells and

A

proteins

78
Q

During reabsorption, substances such as water, salt and

A

sugar will be taken back into the blood stream

Biology (8 decks)

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