Unit 7

Question 1

Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century

Answer 1

Industrial Revolution

Question 2

Large closed-in field for farming

Answer 2

Enclosure

Question 3

Planting a different crop in a different field each year

Answer 3

Crop Rotation

Question 4

Process of developing machine production of goods

Answer 4

Industrialization

Question 5

Conditions needed to produce goods and services

Answer 5

Factors of production

Question 6

Building where goods are made

Answer 6

Factory

Question 7

Person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business enterprise

Answer 7

Entrepreneur

Question 8

What is urbanization?

Answer 8

The growth of cities and the migration of people into them

Question 9

Why did more people decide to move to cities at this time?

Answer 9

It was caused by the growth of the factory system, where the manufacturing of goods was concentrated in a central location

Question 10

A social class made up of skilled workers, ect

Answer 10

middle class

Question 11

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them.

Answer 11

urbanization

Question 12

a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers.

Answer 12

middle class

Question 13

An outbreak or unusually high occurrence of a disease or illness in a population or area

Answer 13

Epidemic

Question 14

the population of blue-collar workers, particularly skilled and semiskilled laborers, who differ in values, but not necessarily in income

Answer 14

Working class

Question 15

organized to destroy manufacturing machinery, under the belief that its use diminished employment

Answer 15

Luddites

Question 16

organized to destroy manufacturing machinery, under the belief that its use diminished employment

Answer 16

slums

Question 17

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Answer 17

corporation

Question 18

the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses.

Answer 18

laissez faire

Question 19

a professor at the University of Glasgow

Answer 19

Adam Smith

Question 20

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

Answer 20

capitalism

Question 21

the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 21

utilitarianism

Question 22

an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Answer 22

socialism

Question 23

a German journalist

Answer 23

Karl Marx

Question 24

an economic system in which all means of production—land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses— are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally

Answer 24

communism

Question 25

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

Answer 25

Union