Modern Africa

Question 1

2 nationalistic groups

Answer 1

• Indian National Congress

- Muslim League

Question 2

allowed the government to to imprison protestors without trials for up to 2 years

Answer 2

Rowlett Act

Question 3

the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law

Answer 3

civil disobedience

Question 4

He told the Indians to refuse British goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes, or vote in elections. - He also boycotted British cloth.

• The spinning wheel was used as a symbol of resistance.
• The sale of British cloth dropped.

Answer 4

Boycotts

Question 5

• Civil disobedience took an economic toll on the British
• 1920 British arrest thousands of Indians who took part in strikes and demonstrations.
• In spite of pleas for nonviolence, protests led to riots

Answer 5

Strikes and Demonstrations

Question 6

• By 1935, the British parliament passed the Government of India Act- gave more local self-government, granted limited democratic elections- Is not total independence.
• At this point, Britain gets involved in WWII so movement in India is paused.

Answer 6

Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule

Question 7

gave more local self-government, granted limited democratic elections- Is not total independence.

Answer 7

the Government of India Act

Question 8

British laws that allowed Indians to be held in jail without trial for up to 2 years if they were deemed a threat to the British government.

Answer 8

Rowlatt Acts (1919)

Question 9

During a large peaceful protest of the Rowlatt Acts in the city of Amristar, British soldiers fired into the crowd. They killed 400 and wounded 1200.

Answer 9

Amritsar Massacre (1919)

Question 10

The name given to Colonel Reginald Dyer, the British officer responsible for British soldiers shooting peaceful protesters at Amristar.

Answer 10

The Butcher of Amritsar

Question 11

This is the deliberate and public refusal by people to obey an unjust law.

Answer 11

civil disobedience

Question 12

Gandhi and his followers walk to the seashore and start to make their own salt with saltwater. This was a protest of British control of salt in India.

Answer 12

Salt March (1930)

Question 13

The leader of the Indian independence movement, who in civil disobedience and non-violence.

Answer 13

Mohandas Gandhi

Question 14

This group of Indian Hindus wanted to rid India of British rule. It worked with Muslim League to get rid of British.

Answer 14

Indian National Congress

Question 15

This group of Indian Muslim wanted torid India of British rule. It worked with Indian National Congress to get rid of British.

Answer 15

Muslim League

Question 16

A refusal to buy goods from a specific company or group. Gandhi organized boycotts of British goods like cloth.

Answer 16

boycott

Question 17

group protests against the government.Gandhi wanted demonstrations to be peaceful, not violent.

Answer 17

demonstrations

Question 18

a refusal by workers to work, another form of civil disobedience

Answer 18

strike

Question 19

The Congress party’s position that Indians should not cooperate with the British government

Answer 19

noncooperation (1920)

Question 20

The British gave Indians some local control over their government and some limited elections, but did not give them independence or give them full rights as British citizens

Answer 20

Government of India Act (1935)

Question 21

India granted full independence, and divided into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India.

Answer 21

Partition of India Act (1947)

Question 22

What were the causes of the Indian Nationalist Movement?

Answer 22

1. Indians learn democratic values while in school in England, and want to apply those values in India.
2. Indian soldiers who fought for Britain in World War I are promised independence of India, but it doesn’t happen.
3. Hindus and Muslims cooperate
4. Oppressive Rowlatt Acts anger Indians

Question 23

What did Gandhi do early in his career prior to his involvement in the Indian Nationalist movement?

Answer 23

He was a lawyer and civil rights activist in South Africa and fought against discrimination that all colored people faced there.

Question 24

What were Gandhi’s tactics of nonviolence?

Answer 24

1. boycotts - don’t buy British cloth
2. demonstrations - salt March
3. strikes - don’t go to work in a factory or on a train, so they can’t operate
4. noncooperation - don’t vote or pay taxes to the British

Question 25

What two countries did India become after the British left? why?

Answer 25

India and Pakistan (East Pakistan and West Pakistan). British believe that the only way to avoid civil war between Hindus and Muslim is to partition (split) up India.

Question 26

The Indian National Congress was India’s national political party. Most members of the Congress Party were Hindus, but the party at times had many Muslim members.

Answer 26

Congress Party

Question 27

an organization founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests.

Answer 27

Muslim League

Question 28

The leader of the Muslim League, insisted that all Muslims resign from the Congress Party.

Answer 28

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Question 29

was the term given to the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations

Answer 29

Partition

Question 30

the independent nation’s (India) first prime minister.

Answer 30

Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 31

was chosen prime minister of India in 1966 and was reelected in 1980 after a short spell out of office.

Answer 31

Indira Gandhi

Question 32

was twice elected prime minister of India. After months of disorder, she was removed from office in 1996.

Answer 32

Benazir Bhutto

Question 33

Why did British officials partition India into India and Pakistan?

Answer 33

Fighting between Muslim Indians and Hindu Indians. Muslims resisted attempts to include them in an Indian government dominated by Hindus. British officials soon became convinced that partition an idea first proposed by India’s Muslims, would be the only way to ensure a safe and secure region. Partition was the term given to the division of India into separate Hindu and Muslim nations. The northwest and eastern regions of India, where most Muslims lived, would become the new nation of Pakistan. (Pakistan, as the map shows, comprised two separate states in 1947: West Pakistan and East Pakistan.) The British House of Commons passed an act on July 16, 1947.

Question 34

In what way did Pakistan also undergo a partition?

Answer 34

Pakistan actually began as two separate and divided statesEast Pakistan and West Pakistan. East Pakistan lay to the east of India, West Pakistan to the northwest. These regions were separated by more than 1,000 miles of Indian territory. In culture, language, history, geography, economics, and ethnic background, the two regions were very different. Only the Islamic religion united them. From the beginning, the two regions of Pakistan experienced strained relations. While East Pakistan had the larger population, it was often ignored by West Pakistan, home to the central government. On March 26, 1971, East Pakistan declared itself an independent nation called Bangladesh.

Question 35

What is the main cause today of civil strife in Sri Lanka?

Answer 35

Sri Lanka, a small, teardrop-shaped island nation just off the southeast coast of India. Formerly known as Ceylon, Sri Lanka gained its independence from Britain in February of 1948. Two main ethnic groups dominate the nation. Three-quarters of the population are Sinhalese, who are Buddhists. A fifth are Tamils, a Hindu people of southern India and northern Sri Lanka. A militant group of Tamils has long fought an armed struggle for a separate Tamil nation. A civil war between Tamils and other Sri Lankans continues today.