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World History > Semester 2 Final > Flashcards

Semester 2 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

the development of industries for the machine production of Goods

A

industrialization

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2
Q

the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine

A

Industrial Revolution

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3
Q

one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farms

A

enclosure

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4
Q

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.

A

crop rotation

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5
Q

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

A

factory

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6
Q

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

A

entrepreneur

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7
Q

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them

A

urbanization

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8
Q

a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

A

Middle Class

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9
Q

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

A

Corporation

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10
Q

the shares of a particular company or corporation

A

Stock

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11
Q

Land, Labor, and capital

A

Factors of production

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12
Q

the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses

A

Laissez-Faire

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13
Q

a professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets, in his 1776 book The Wealth of Nations

A

Adam Smith

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14
Q

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

A

Capitalism

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15
Q

The economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all people is called

A

socialism

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16
Q

the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

A

utilitarianism

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17
Q

German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary

A

Karl Marx

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18
Q

First area to industrialize. Many new inventions: flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom, and cotton gin

A

Textile Idustry

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19
Q

an economic system in which all means of production—land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses— are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally

A

Communism

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20
Q

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages

A

Union

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21
Q

to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

A

Strike

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22
Q

This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes

A

Communist Manifesto

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23
Q

Causes: Natural resources, expanding economy, highly developed banking system, political stability, no wars. Effects: New inventions, improvements in transportation, railroads

A

Causes and Effects of Industrialization

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24
Q

a city in NW England: connected with the Mersey estuary by a ship canal, one of the first cities to industrialize

A

Manchester

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25
Q

a thickly populated, run-down, squalid part of a city, inhabited by poor people

A

Slums

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26
Q

a member of any of various bands of workers in England (1811–16) organized to destroy manufacturing machinery, under the belief that its use diminished employment. Someone who is opposed or resistant to new technologies or technological change

A

Luddites

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27
Q

An outbreak or unusually high occurrence of a disease or illness in a population or area

A

Epidemic

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28
Q

any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. … a material, as a fiber or yarn, used in or suitable for weaving

A

Textile

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29
Q

refers to financial assets or the financial value of assets, such as funds held in deposit accounts, as well as the tangible machinery and production equipment used in environments such as factories and other manufacturing facilities

A

capital

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30
Q

the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies

A

Imperialism

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31
Q

positive effects of the industrial revolution

A

Assembly line - many people working on different tasks

Mass Production - creation of a lot more production

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32
Q

worldwide impact of the industrial revolution

A

living and working conditions, urbanization (the growth of cities), child labor, public health, working class family life, the role of women, the emerging middle class, and economic growth and income.

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33
Q

the belief that one race is superior to others

A

racism

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34
Q

the application of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies—particularly as the justification for imperialist expansion

A

Social Darwinism

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35
Q

a meeting in 1884–1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa

A

Berlin Conference

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36
Q

a Zulu chief used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state

A

Shaka

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37
Q

Dutch colonist in South Africa

A

Boer

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38
Q

a conflict, lasting from 1899 to 1902, in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa

A

Boer War

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39
Q

a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights, European nations had to help the African nation

A

paternalism

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40
Q

the adoption of a conqueror’s culture by a conquered people (p. 205). a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

A

assimilation

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41
Q

He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. He successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other, all of whom were striving to bring Ethiopia into their spheres of influence

A

Menelik II

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42
Q

a republic in W Africa: founded by freed American slaves 1822

A

Liberia

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43
Q

a bitter crystalline compound present in cinchona bark used as a tonic and formerly as an antimalarial drug

A

quinine

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44
Q

Mechanical device in which the steam from heated water builds up pressure to drive a piston, rather than relying on human or animal muscle power

A

steam engine

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45
Q

a control that is directly imposed upon the manufacturing, pricing, and distribution of specific goods in contrast with an indirect or general control (such as a credit and fiscal policy) that affects the economy in its entirety and specific goods only indirectly

A

direct control

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46
Q

a member of a South African people traditionally living mainly in KwaZulu-Natal province. The Zulus formed a powerful military empire in southern Africa during the 19th century before being defeated in a series of engagements with Afrikaner and British settlers

A

zulus

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47
Q

Formerly Abyssinia. a republic in E Africa: formerly a monarchy

A

Ethiopia

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48
Q

a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a state, distinct from the home territory of the sovereign

A

Colonies

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49
Q

the first fully automatic water-cooled machine gun, designed in Britain in 1884 and used especially in World War I

A

Maxim Gun

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50
Q

a person or thing that protects; defender; guardian

A

protector

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51
Q

rule is a system of government used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing local power structures

A

Indirect Control

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52
Q

What was the British East Company?

A

Merchants involved was to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade with the east indies

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53
Q

how were the effects of the British rule in India positive

A

the indus revolution turned Indian to a major supplier of raw materials for the workshop worlds third largest railroad

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54
Q

what problems did British rule bring to India

A

British set up restrictions that prevent the Indian from operating on its own

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55
Q

what was the result of the sepoy mutiny

A

Government of Bombay referred to the sepoy army as delicate and dangerous machine which a little little miss management easily turned against us

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56
Q

why did Indians form two groups to push the British to make changes?

A

two groups were calling for self government

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57
Q

Christian Indian practice did some Indian leaders want to change

A

conflict over the control of India

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58
Q

Indian soldiers serving under British commands

A

sepoy

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59
Q

the British colony of India

A

jewel in the crown

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60
Q

rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

A

Sephony Mutiny

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61
Q

the British controlled portions of India in the years

A

Raj

62
Q

was the founder of the Brahmo of Sabha movement

A

Ram Mohun Roy

63
Q

Patriotic feelings Principles or effects

A

Nationism

64
Q

Dominated the independent movement

A

Indian National Congress

65
Q

Political organization of India and Pakistan

A

Muslim League

66
Q

British killing of nearly 400 Indians at a festival

A

Amritsar Massacre

67
Q

Deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law

A

Civil Disobedience

68
Q

the leader of Indians independence movement who advocated nonviolent resistance

A

Mohandas K. Gandhi

69
Q

British Laws that allowed the government to jail Indian protesters without trial for as long as two years

A

Rowlatt Acts

70
Q

Peaceful protest against the British Salt Acts

A

Salt March

71
Q

Who was the leader of Indias Independence movement

A

Mohandas K. Gandhi

72
Q

what was the goal of the Indias Independence movement

A

Equality

73
Q

where did the Indias Independence movement happen

A

India

74
Q

When did the Indias Independence movement

A

The 1900s

75
Q

Why did the Indias Independence movement

A

for all members to have equal rights

76
Q

How did the Indias Independence movement operate

A

Civil Disobedience

77
Q

the Chinese Nationalist Party, formed in 1912

A

Kuomintang

78
Q

Among the groups pushing for modernization and nationalization was the Kuomintang or the Nationalist Party. Its first great leader was

A

Sun Yixian

79
Q

a national protest in China in 1919, in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference

A

May Fourth Movement

80
Q

a major national political party in India—also known as the Indian National Congress

A

Congress Party

81
Q

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India’s Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu Nations

A

Muslim League

82
Q

a division into parts, like the 1947 division of the British colony of India into the two nations of India and Pakistan

A

partition

83
Q

movement n. a movement in which French-speaking Africans and West Indians celebrated their heritage of traditional African culture and Values

A

Negritude

84
Q

Starting in 1947, he worked to liberate the Gold Coast from the British

A

Kwame Nkrumah

85
Q

One was the strong leadership of Kenyan nationalist

A

Jomo Kenyatta

86
Q

became first president of the newly independent Algeria. He attempted to make Algeria a socialist state, but was over thrown in 1965 by his army commander

A

Ahmed Ben Bella

87
Q

seized power in 1965. For 32 years, Mobutu ruled the country that he renamed Zaire. He maintained control though a combination of force, one party rule, and gifts to supporters

A

Mobutu Sese Seko

88
Q

a republic in central Africa, W of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

A

congo

89
Q

Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward

A

Gold Coast

90
Q

two groups committed to ridding India of Foreign rule

A

Muslim legue - Muslims

National Congress - Hindo

91
Q

Laws passed by Britain that allowed the government to jail Indian Protestors without trial for as long as two years

A

Rowlatt act

92
Q

peaceful protest march to the seacoast led by Gandhi

A

Salt March

93
Q

1935 law that provided for limited democratic elections but not total independence in India

A

Government of India Act

94
Q

This nation was formerly known as East Pakistan

A

Bangladesh

95
Q

This congress party leader was independent india’s first Prime minister

A

Jawaharlal Nehru

96
Q

This politician was twice elected prime minister of pakistan but was removed from office in 1996

A

Benazir Bhutto

97
Q

This muslim league leader died shortly after becoming the first governor-general of independent of Pakistan

A

Muhammed Ali Jinnah

98
Q

This former prime minister of India was assassinated by a tamil terrorist in 1991 while camping for reelection

A

Rajiv Gandhi

99
Q

This mostly Hindu country is the words largest democracy

A

India

100
Q

Known as the Mahatma or “geat soul”of the Indian independence movement , this congress party leader was assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu extremist

A

Mohandas Gandhi

101
Q

New nation created by division of India

A

Pakistan

102
Q

Launched a nonviolent campaign of Indian

non-cooperation with the British

A

Mohandas Gandhi

103
Q

New name for East Pakistan after it declared

independence

A

Bangladesh

104
Q

India’s national political party

A

Congress Party

105
Q

a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain’s opium trade in China

A

Opium War

106
Q

an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a Country

A

extraterritorial rights

107
Q

mid-19th century rebel- lion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan

A

Taiping Rebellion

108
Q

foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities

A

sphere of influence

109
Q

a policy, proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China

A

Open Door Policy

110
Q

1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country

A

Boxer Rebellion

111
Q

who founded the Kuomintang?

A

Sun Yixian

112
Q

Who was with Sun Yixian successor?

A

Jiang Jieshi

113
Q

which group was also known as the kuomintang

A

Nationalists

114
Q

which group was forced to go on the long march?

A

Communists

115
Q

who was one of the founders of the chinese communist party?

A

Mao Zedong

116
Q

which group attracted the support of china’s peasants in the 1920s?

A

Communists

117
Q

who became the first president of the nationalist republic of china

A

Sun Yixian

118
Q

To whom did the treaty of versailles give territories and privileges in china

A

Japanese

119
Q

which group’s 1937 invasion brought about an uneasy truce in China’s civil war?

A

Japanese

120
Q

which group joined with the kuomintang in the 1920’s to defeat

A

Communists

121
Q

what occurred in response to the treatment of China in the treaty of versailles?

A

May fourth movement

122
Q

who became the president of the republic of china after overthrow of the Qing Dynasty

A

Sun Yixian

123
Q

which leader ordered the Shanghai massacre that nearly wiped out the chinese communists

A

Jiang Jieshi

124
Q

a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities

A

communes

125
Q

any of various radical or socialist groups, in particular a militant youth movement in China (1966–76) that carried out attacks on intellectuals and other disfavored groups as part of Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution

A

Red Guards

126
Q

Mao’s plan for large farm collective farms

A

great leap forward

127
Q

major uprising in china whose goal was to establish a society in which all were equal and intellectual and artistic activity was considered dangerous

A

cultural revolution

128
Q

new name for China under Mao zedong

A

peoples republic of China

129
Q

the island which nationalist forces retreated

A

twain

130
Q

the country was taken over by China in a brutal assault in 1950 and 1951

A

Tibet

131
Q

Tibetan religious leader who fled to India when China took control of Tibet

A

Dalai Lama

132
Q

a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states

A

federal system

133
Q

a temporary rule by military authorities over a civilian population, usually imposed in times of war or civil unrest

A

martial law

134
Q

an opponent of a government’s policies or actions

A

dissident

135
Q

a South African policy of complete legal separation of the races, including the banning of all social contacts between blacks and whites

A

apartheid

136
Q

One was ANC leader

A

Nelson Mandela

137
Q

the treaty of nanjing gave control of this island to Britain

A

Taiping Rebellion

138
Q

these were regions of china in which britain, france, germany, japan and Russia dominated trade and investment

A

spheres of influence

139
Q

this ruler’s 1898 movement to modernize China was brought to an end by a more powerful chinese ruler

A

Hong Xiuquan

140
Q

this ruler who at times adopted reforms and at other times rejected them, ruled china almost continuously between 1861 and 1908

A

Beijing

141
Q

this leader’s desire to establish a “heavenly kingdom of great peace” resulted in the creation of the taiping goverment

A

hong xiuquan

142
Q

this open clash between the british and the chinese resulted in the humilating defeat of china and the signing of the treaty of nanjing

A

taiping rebellion

143
Q

The postwar movement that celebrated

African culture and heritage was called

A

the Negritude movement

144
Q

The first African colony south of the Sahara to gain independence was

A

Gold Coast

145
Q

The leader who worked to liberate Golf Coast from the British was

A

Kwame Nkrumah

146
Q

The Kenyan nationalist leader who forced the British to accept African self-government was

A

Jomo Kenyatta

147
Q

The secret society made up mostly of African farmers forced out by the British was

A

the Mau Mau

148
Q

The first president of newly-independent Algeria was

A

Ahmed Ben Bella

149
Q

Mobutu Sense Seko changed the name of the Congo to

A

Zaire

150
Q

Angola’s independence movement was an attempt to free itself form the control of

A

Portugal

151
Q

the main reason African countries had difficulty establishing democracies was
because of poverty

A

false - European colonial rule

World History (7 decks)

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