Imperialism Flashcards
1
Q
seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
A
Imperialism
2
Q
Reasons for delayed European domination in Africa
A
- powerful African armies until the late 1800s
- Europeans couldn’t navigate rivers inland until steamboat invention that allowed for expeditions in early 1800s
- Disease in Africa
- Africans controlled their own trade networks, and did not depend on other countries
3
Q
-Scottish missionary who traveled into central Africans with a group of natives to promote Christianity in late 1860s
A
David Livingstone
4
Q
- reported hired by American newspaper to find Dr. Livingstone
- found him in 1871 and then explored Africa
- claimed lands in Congo for King Leopold II of Belgium
A
Henry Stanley
5
Q
- king of Belgium in late 1800s
- commissioned Henry Stanley to obtain Congolese lands
- made treaties to give him control of the lands
- abused Africans, so Belgium government took control away from him in 1908
A
King Leopold II
6
Q
Motives for Imperialism
A
- European nationalism
- resources and markets to support industrialization
- racism and social Darwinism; Europeans believed they had the right and duty to spread the results of their progress
- spread religion (esp. Christianity)
7
Q
Factors Promoting Imperialism
A
- European technological superiority (ex. Maxim gun)
- Means to control empires (ex. transportation: trains, steamships)
- Medical advancements (ex. quinine protected Europeans from malaria)
- Africans were divided among ethnic groups & languages
8
Q
the belief that one race is superior to others
A
Racism
9
Q
- Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and natural selection, as applied to human society
- those fittest for survival were successful and “superior”, while non-Europeans were less developed and weaker
A
Social Darwinism
10
Q
- meeting of 14 European nations in 1884-85 to set up rules for the division of Africa
- any European country could claim African land by notifying other European nations and showing ability to control the area
A
Berlin Conference
11
Q
- Zulu chief in South Africa in early 1800s
- used strong military to establish a large centralized state, which fell apart under his successors
A
Shaka
12
Q
- Dutch settlers that came to the Cape of Good Hope; first Europeans to settle in South Africa
- clashed over land/slavery policies with British in early 1800s
- 1830s, moved north (Great Trek) to escape Brits, but clashed with Zulus
A
Boers
13
Q
- Boers tried to keep outsiders from getting their gold and diamonds
- a rebellion against the Boers failed, and the Boers blamed the British
- 1899, war between Boers and British started
- first modern “total” war; also involved native S. Africans
- British won and Boer republics joined self-governing Union of South Africa (controlled by British) in 1910
A
Boer war
14
Q
- A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
- ex. Somaliland, ruled by France
A
Colony
15
Q
- A country/territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
- ex. the Niger River delta, under British control
A
Protectorate
16
Q
- And area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
- ex. Liberia, under the U.S.
A
Sphere of Influence
17
Q
- An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
- ex. The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii
A
Economic Imperialism
18
Q
- Local government officials used; relied on existing political rulers
- Limited self-rule
- Goal: to develop future leaders
- Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
- ex. British colonies (Nigeria, India, Burma) & U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands
A
Indirect Control
19
Q
- Foreign officials brought in to rule
- No self-rule
- Goal: assimilation
- Government institutions are based only on European styles
- developed paternalism
- ex. French colonies, German colonies, Portuguese colonies
A
Direct Control
20
Q
- policy developed through direct control
- Europeans governed people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights
A
Paternalism
21
Q
-based on the idea that, over time, the local populations would adopt the culture of their colonizers
A
Assimilation
22
Q
- emperor of Ethiopia in 1889
- played European nations against each other
- gathered weapons from France & Russia
- signed a treaty with Italy, and discovered that he was giving up Ethiopia, according to the Italian version of the treaty
- Went to war against Italy, winning Battle of Adowa in 1896
- maintained Ethiopian independence
A
Menelik ll
23
Q
Negative Effects of Imperialism
A
- Africans lost control of land & independence
- population decrease due to disease, famine, and resistance against Europeans
- breakdown of traditional cultures
- division of African continent, not according to ethnic groups
24
Q
Positive Effects of Imperialism
A
- reduced local warfare
- Humanitarian efforts improved sanitation, provided schools and hospitals
- Economic expansion (African products became valued)
