Imperialism

Question 1

seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

Answer 1

Imperialism

Question 2

Reasons for delayed European domination in Africa

Answer 2

• powerful African armies until the late 1800s
• Europeans couldn’t navigate rivers inland until steamboat invention that allowed for expeditions in early 1800s
• Disease in Africa
• Africans controlled their own trade networks, and did not depend on other countries

Question 3

-Scottish missionary who traveled into central Africans with a group of natives to promote Christianity in late 1860s

Answer 3

David Livingstone

Question 4

• reported hired by American newspaper to find Dr. Livingstone
• found him in 1871 and then explored Africa
• claimed lands in Congo for King Leopold II of Belgium

Answer 4

Henry Stanley

Question 5

• king of Belgium in late 1800s
• commissioned Henry Stanley to obtain Congolese lands
• made treaties to give him control of the lands
• abused Africans, so Belgium government took control away from him in 1908

Answer 5

King Leopold II

Question 6

Motives for Imperialism

Answer 6

• European nationalism
• resources and markets to support industrialization
• racism and social Darwinism; Europeans believed they had the right and duty to spread the results of their progress
• spread religion (esp. Christianity)

Question 7

Factors Promoting Imperialism

Answer 7

• European technological superiority (ex. Maxim gun)
• Means to control empires (ex. transportation: trains, steamships)
• Medical advancements (ex. quinine protected Europeans from malaria)
• Africans were divided among ethnic groups & languages

Question 8

the belief that one race is superior to others

Answer 8

Racism

Question 9

• Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and natural selection, as applied to human society
• those fittest for survival were successful and “superior”, while non-Europeans were less developed and weaker

Answer 9

Social Darwinism

Question 10

• meeting of 14 European nations in 1884-85 to set up rules for the division of Africa
• any European country could claim African land by notifying other European nations and showing ability to control the area

Answer 10

Berlin Conference

Question 11

• Zulu chief in South Africa in early 1800s

- used strong military to establish a large centralized state, which fell apart under his successors

Answer 11

Shaka

Question 12

• Dutch settlers that came to the Cape of Good Hope; first Europeans to settle in South Africa
• clashed over land/slavery policies with British in early 1800s
• 1830s, moved north (Great Trek) to escape Brits, but clashed with Zulus

Answer 12

Boers

Question 13

• Boers tried to keep outsiders from getting their gold and diamonds
• a rebellion against the Boers failed, and the Boers blamed the British
• 1899, war between Boers and British started
• first modern “total” war; also involved native S. Africans
• British won and Boer republics joined self-governing Union of South Africa (controlled by British) in 1910

Answer 13

Boer war

Question 14

• A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
• ex. Somaliland, ruled by France

Answer 14

Colony

Question 15

• A country/territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
• ex. the Niger River delta, under British control

Answer 15

Protectorate

Question 16

• And area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
• ex. Liberia, under the U.S.

Answer 16

Sphere of Influence

Question 17

• An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
• ex. The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

Answer 17

Economic Imperialism

Question 18

• Local government officials used; relied on existing political rulers
• Limited self-rule
• Goal: to develop future leaders
• Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
• ex. British colonies (Nigeria, India, Burma) & U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

Answer 18

Indirect Control

Question 19

• Foreign officials brought in to rule
• No self-rule
• Goal: assimilation
• Government institutions are based only on European styles
• developed paternalism
• ex. French colonies, German colonies, Portuguese colonies

Answer 19

Direct Control

Question 20

• policy developed through direct control

- Europeans governed people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights

Answer 20

Paternalism

Question 21

-based on the idea that, over time, the local populations would adopt the culture of their colonizers

Answer 21

Assimilation

Question 22

• emperor of Ethiopia in 1889
• played European nations against each other
• gathered weapons from France & Russia
• signed a treaty with Italy, and discovered that he was giving up Ethiopia, according to the Italian version of the treaty
• Went to war against Italy, winning Battle of Adowa in 1896
• maintained Ethiopian independence

Answer 22

Menelik ll

Question 23

Negative Effects of Imperialism

Answer 23

• Africans lost control of land & independence
• population decrease due to disease, famine, and resistance against Europeans
• breakdown of traditional cultures
• division of African continent, not according to ethnic groups

Question 24

Positive Effects of Imperialism

Answer 24

• reduced local warfare
• Humanitarian efforts improved sanitation, provided schools and hospitals
• Economic expansion (African products became valued)