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AP Psych > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Encode

A

Processing information and putting it into our memory

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2
Q

Automatic processing

A

Unconscious encoding of information such as space, time, frequency, and word meanings

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3
Q

Effortful processing

A

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

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4
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Practicing information over and over in order to remember it

  • repetition
  • short term
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5
Q

Chunking

A

Group information together to increase the units of information retained
-short term

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6
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Add information or detail to help remember information better

  • story or added details
  • long term
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7
Q

Mnemonic device

A

Unusual or strange associations with a piece of information
-long term

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8
Q

Method of loci

A

Visualize information in locations that are familiar to you

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9
Q

Serial position effect

A

Remember first and last pieces of information best

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10
Q

Proactive Interference

A

Old information makes it difficult to remember the new information

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11
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New information blocks out old information

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12
Q

Visual encoding

A

Encoding of picture images

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13
Q

Acoustic encoding

A

Encoding of sound, especially the sound of words

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14
Q

Semantic encoding

A

Encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

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15
Q

Sensory memory

A

Very brief piece of sensory information (1-2sec)

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16
Q

Iconic

A

Visual

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17
Q

Echoic

A

Auditory

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18
Q

Short term memory

A

10-15 second life span

Can remember up to 7 pieces of information

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19
Q

Working memory

A

Name for short term memory

Actively doing something with the info when in STM

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20
Q

Long term memory

A

Limitless storehouse for all types of memory

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21
Q

Long term potentiation

A

Process of forming a memory by repeating and strengthening a neural pathway overtime

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22
Q

Declarative memory/explicit

A

Actively call forth or think about

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23
Q

Non declarative memory/implicit

A

Don’t have to actively think about

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24
Q

Procedural memory

A

“How to” do a task

-ride a bike

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25
Q

Semantic memory

A

Facts/word meanings

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26
Q

Episodic memory

A

Life/life story

Amnesia diagnosed people usually lose this

27
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Emotional or stress related memories that are vivid and strong with detail and neurotransmitters are present during a flashbulb memory

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

Explicit/declarative side of memory

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

Implicit/ non declarative side of memory

30
Q

Recall

A

Coming up with information off of top of head

31
Q

Recognition

A

Picking out a piece of information from a list of clues (multiple choice)

32
Q

Relearning

A

Measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

33
Q

Priming

A

Activating prior knowledge to help us remember information better
-preparing

34
Q

Déjà vu

A

Sense that you have experienced something before

35
Q

Mood-congruent memory

A

Tend to remember other times when we felt the same mood as our current state

36
Q

State dependent memory

A

We remember information best if we are in the same “state” as we were when we learned it

37
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Can not form new memories

38
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Cant remember information from our past

39
Q

Repression

A

Controversial idea that we block out memories that are traumatic

40
Q

Source amnesia

A

We remember information, but not where we learned it

41
Q

Misinformation effect

A

Information given after the event that effects our memory of the event

42
Q

Confabulation

A

Act of creating a false memory using pieces of other memories, experiences, dreams, and misinformation

43
Q

Forgetting curve

A

After learning info, we forget half within an hour and 85% within a day if we don’t process it

44
Q

Spacing effect

A

Practice info little by little overtime to make it permanent

45
Q

Concept

A

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, people, or ideas

46
Q

Prototype

A

Main image that comes to mind when thinking about a concept

47
Q

Algorithm

A

Problem solving strategy that uses a systematic method to come up with a guaranteed solution
-very slow, but right answer

48
Q

Heuristic

A

Systematic or strategic way to use a rule of thumb to come up with a solution
-chance of error goes up, but its faster

49
Q

Insight

A

Ah ha moment

50
Q

Creativity

A

R

51
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Overestimation of the likelihood of something happening on how readily and example comes to mind

52
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Overestimate the likelihood of something being true based on a stereotype or generalization
-usually not right

53
Q

Overconfidence

A

R

54
Q

Confirmation bias

A

R

55
Q

Fixation

A

Cognitive approach to a problem gets stuck

56
Q

Belief perseverance

A

R

57
Q

Framing

A

R

58
Q

Mental set

A

Unable to think of a use for an object other than its intended use

59
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

Created the forgetting curve

60
Q

Miller

A

Found that in STM, we can only remember 7 pieces of information

61
Q

Loftus

A

Researched confabulation and how we manipulate memory

62
Q

Atkinson and shiffrin

A

Did a model of memory that says there are 3 parts to memory storage
-sensory memory, STM, LTM

63
Q

Kohler

A

T

AP Psych (7 decks)

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