Unit 6

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

Permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

Decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

Question 4

Associative learning

Answer 4

Learning that certain events occur together

Question 5

Counter-conditioning

Answer 5

Q

Question 6

Acquisition

Answer 6

First time the CR occurs because of the CS

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

Natural physical response

Question 8

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

Unlearned trigger

Question 9

Neutral stimulus

Answer 9

At first, no effect, nut later triggers the response

Question 10

Conditioned response

Answer 10

Learned response

Question 11

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 11

Part that created the new association

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

Point at which CR no longer follows the CS

Question 13

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

After a period of extinction, a CR suddenly returns

Question 14

Generalization

Answer 14

CR to a range of similar stimuli

Question 15

Discrimination

Answer 15

When a person only responds to a specific CS

Question 16

Classical conditioning

Answer 16

Occurs with an involuntary response to a learned stimulus

Question 17

Higher order conditioning

Answer 17

CS is paired with a new NS which creates a second CS

Question 18

Vicarious classical conditioning

Answer 18

W

Question 19

Law of effect

Answer 19

More we reinforce a behavior, the more it occurs

Question 20

Primary reinforcer

Answer 20

Reinforcement that you need to survive

Question 21

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 21

Want because it is enjoyable or it is something we like so we are willing to try and get them

Question 22

Operant chamber

Answer 22

A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water

Question 23

Shaping

Answer 23

When you train a behavior that is very complex piece by piece

Question 24

Positive reinforcement

Answer 24

Adding something wanted to increase a behavior in the future

Question 25

Negative reinforcement

Answer 25

Taking away something unwanted to inverse a behavior | *until*

Question 26

Positive punishment

Answer 26

Adding something unwanted to decrease the behavior in the future

Question 27

Negative punishment

Answer 27

Take away something wanted in order to decrease a behavior

Question 28

Operant conditioning

Answer 28

Voluntary behaviors and consequences

Question 29

Punishment

Answer 29

An event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Question 30

Reinforcement

Answer 30

Consequence that will increase the chance that behavior will happen in the future

Question 31

Token economy

Answer 31

People can earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can exchange those for privileges or treats

Question 32

Behavior modification

Answer 32

E

Question 33

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 33

Reinforce a behavior every time

Question 34

Partial reinforcement

Answer 34

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response

Question 35

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 35

Reinforce after same amount of time

Question 36

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 36

Changing amount of a repeated action | *most effective

Question 37

Variable interval schedule

Answer 37

Changing amount of time that passes between reinforcements

Question 38

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 38

Reinforcement after same amount of repeated actions

Question 39

Delayed reinforcer

Answer 39

R

Question 40

Learned helplessness

Answer 40

Hopelessness an animal learns when unable to avoid repeated events

Question 41

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 41

Desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Question 42

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 42

Desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishments

Question 43

Observational learning

Answer 43

Learning by observing others

Question 44

Modeling

Answer 44

Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 45

Mirror neurons

Answer 45

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing others doing so. Can enable imitation and empathy

Question 46

Cognitive map

Answer 46

Mental representation of the layout in ones environment

Question 47

Latent learning

Answer 47

Hidden learning that is under the surface

Question 48

B. F. Skinner

Answer 48

Operant conditioning Pigeons and rats Schedules of reinforcement

Question 49

John Watson

Answer 49

Classical conditioning | Baby Al

Question 50

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 50

Classical conditioning | Dogs

Question 51

Edward Thorndike

Answer 51

Operant conditioning | Law of effect

Question 52

Albert Bandura

Answer 52

Bobo doll | Social/observational learning

Question 53

Edward Tollman

Answer 53

Latent learning | Rats in maze

Question 54

John Garcia

Answer 54

Classical conditioning | Taste aversions