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AP Psych > Unit 3- Brain > Flashcards

Unit 3- Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Interneuron

A

Communicate between motor and sensory neurons

- in brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Axon

A

Where the electrical method takes place

- connects soma to axon terminal

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3
Q

Action potential

A

Where positive ions rush into the axon

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4
Q

Refractory period

A

Positive ions get kicked out

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

Movement

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6
Q

Dendrite

A

Where a message enters the cell

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7
Q

Threshold

A

N

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8
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitter goes back into the axon terminal where it came from

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9
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Senses

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10
Q

Soma

A

Contains all cell parts

-cell body

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11
Q

All-or-None

A

Neuron can not partially fire, it completely fires or doesn’t fire at all

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12
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells that protect and nourish the neurons

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13
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Protects axon and helps message travel faster

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14
Q

Synapse

A

Gap/space between neurons

-dendrite of one and axon terminal of another

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15
Q

Resting potential

A

Negative ions are inside axon, positive ions are outside, no movement

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

Pain killing, make you happy, exercise

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17
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory- send messages forward

-if injured, can have seizures, migraines, sensitivity to light/sound

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18
Q

Epinephrine

A

Emergency (flight or fight), allergic reaction

-can get in depressed mood or have fatigue if injured

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, attention, learning, emotion

-if injured can cause parkinsons (shaking) disease or schizophrenia (delusions/paranoia)

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20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Memory, muscle contraction

-if injures may cause Alzheimer’s disease or muscle paralysis

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21
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, sleep, hunger, attention

-if injured, can cause depression or ADD/ADHD

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22
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory -stops messages

-if injured, can cause seizures, tremor, or insomnia

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23
Q

Central NS

A

Info from body to brain

-brain and spine

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24
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Stress response

-part of peripheral NS and autonomic

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25
Peripheral NS
Off to side | -includes autonomic and somatic
26
Somatic NS
Body, voluntary motions
27
Autonomic NS
Automatic/involuntary body functions
28
Parasympathetic NS
Peace
29
Reflex
Automatic responses to stimuli
30
Hormones
Chemical messengers
31
Parathyroid gland
In neck, regulates calcium levels
32
Pituitary gland
In brain, controls growth and is master gland
33
Adrenal gland
In kidneys and back, controls adrenalin -emergency response
34
Pineal gland
In brain, controls circadian rhythms and melatonin
35
Melatonin
Z
36
Thyroid gland
In neck, controls metabolism
37
Lesion
Destroy
38
EEG
Measures brainwaves/activity | -seizures, sleep, epilepsy
39
CT/CAT Scan
X-ray image of brain | -concussion, stroke, tumor
40
PET scan
Injected with dye that shows scan active areas in brain
41
MRI
More detailed images of soft tissue in brain | -muscle, ligaments, stroke
42
FMRI
Active areas AND soft tissue detail
43
Split-brain procedure
Cut the corpus callosum | -done to stop spread of seizures (2 sides can't communicate)
44
Brainstem
Connect brain and body and controls autonomic functions | -if injured, can cause coma or death
45
Limbic system
Collection of brain parts that control emotion and our body's emergency response
46
Parietal lobe
Top side | -touch, pain, temperature
47
Left hemisphere
Language, verbal, organization, problem solving, math, science, reading, order/sequence, analyze
48
Motor cortex
Movements
49
Plasticity
Brain has ability to adapt, change, and reorganize if damaged
50
Medulla
Connect brain and body and controls autonomic functions -if injured, can cause coma or death SAME AS BRAINSTEM
51
Amygdala
Controls extreme emotions - more active when younger - if injured, can cause depression, bipolar, anxiety
52
Cerebrum
Top portion made of 4 lobes -controls higher level thinking, personality, and senses
53
Temporal lobe
Below parietal lobe -Hearing, memory and some speech | -temples
54
Wernicke's area
Controls ability to understand language or speak in a meaningful way
55
Sensory cortex
Part of parietal lobe | -highly concentrated area of sensory neurons
56
Neurogenesis
Forming new neurons
57
Pons
Bridge/connector between the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum -if injured, there will be a problem with coordinating basic body movements
58
Cerebellum
Controls balance, coordination, muscle control, and muscle memory -if injured, can cause lack of balance and coordination
59
Frontal lobe
Controls higher level thinking, planning, judgement, decision making, personality, mood, and voluntary movements -includes frontal association area which controls all (above) but movement which is also called the prefrontal cortex
60
Occipital lobe
Vision
61
Broca's area
Part of brain that controls physical ability to speak
62
Association area
Integrate information
63
Hippocampus
Short term to long term memory | -if injured, remembers nothing beyond short term
64
Hypothalamus
Maintains temperature and stable emotions or hunger and feelings -if injured, can cause difficulty maintaining body temperature or appetite changes
65
Reticular formation (RAS)
Same as pineal; in control or circadian rhythms and level of alertness or arousal -if injured, can cause insomnia, excessive fatigue
66
Frontal association area
Part of frontal lobe and controls all that frontal lobe does but movement
67
Right hemisphere
Controls emotions, music, visual, creativity, photographic, feeling/gut
68
Angular gyrus
Ability to read out loud
69
Corpus callosum
Part of brain that connects the right and left hemisphere
70
Cognitive neuroscience
Study of the brain activity linked with our mental process
71
Chromosomes
46 in body and half from mom and dad
72
Identical twins
X
73
Natural selection
X
74
Dual processing
Perception, memory, thinking, language all operate on two different levels -conscious "high road" and unconscious automatic "low road"
75
DNA
Coiled chain of the molecule DNA
76
Fraternal twins
X
77
Mutation
X
78
Behavior genetics
People who study our differences and weigh the effects and interplay of heredity and enviornment
79
Genes
Small parts of the DNA molecules
80
Heritability
X
81
Genome
X
82
Interaction
X

AP Psych (7 decks)

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