unit 7 (1890-1945) Flashcards
Imperialism
the economic and political. domination of a strong nation over a weaker one
What forms did Imperialism take?
Annexation, Colonialism, Occupation, and Informal (threat of manipulation/intervention, economic and political control)
What are the Motivations of Imperialism?
The “6 Ds”:
-Destiny
- Darwinism
- Defense
- Dollars
- Democracy
- The Deity
Influence of Turner Thesis / safety valve theory
Destiny
A global scale version of Manifest Destiny
Darwinism
Social darwinism, dominate weakest nations - survival of the fittest
Defense
Global competition, other nations get stronger through colonialism - have to keep up to maintain power
Dollars
Trade/economic markets
Democracy
Give nations democracy - “it’s good for them”
The Deity
In the name of White Christian civilization
Turner Thesis
Concluded that the West (Frontier) personified the story of America. He displayed the importance of how the Frontier line had always sparked individual strength and democracy.
What group criticized Imperalism?
the Anti-Imperialist League
What reasons supported the criticism of Imperialism?
Went against everything the Declaration of Independence mentions, repeat steps of Britain
-threatened our democratic foundations and rejected the idea of “liberty for all” by denying liberty to the natives of newly acquired territories.
Cuban Revolution
A movement, inspired by American Revolution, yearned for freedom - rejection of imperialist colonial rule from afar
Spanish-American War
a conflict between Spain and America in 1898 over control of Cuba. The American victory in the Spanish–American War led to the U.S. acquisition of island territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific,
an increase in involvement in Asia, and the suppression of a nationalist movement in
the Philippines.
Yellow journalism
a style of newspaper reporting that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.
one of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines
Jingoism
Superpatriotic supporters of the expansion and use of military power
Philippines American War
The United States to turn control back over to Filipinos people in 1907 and promised to grant the them independence in 1916.
fueled a bitter national debate over U.S. involvement overseas
Spanish-American War initially instigated by
Cuba campaign
Teller Amendment
declared that the US had no intention of taking political control of Cuba and that, once peace was restored to the island, the Cuban people would control their own government
Platt Amendment
barred Cuba from making treaties with other nations and gave the U.S. the right to interfere in Cuba to preserve independence
Open Door Policy
the proposition to keep trade in China open equally to trade with all countries, preventing any one nation from controlling trade in the region
Roosevelt Corollary
the United States would intervene in the financial affairs of Latin America whenever necessary in order to prevent European nations from having any form of economic hold over them.
Progressive Era
an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society.
Muckrakers
Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government.
Square Deal
President Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection
- Essentially: promised protections for consumers, workers, and the environment.
What events occurred during the Progressive Era?
protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote.
What was the dark side of progressivism?
promoted discriminatory policies and espoused intolerant ideas.
Immigration Act of 1917
required a literacy test for new immigrants entering the US and barred immigration from most of the Asian-Pacific area
Sixteenth Amendment
established a federal income tax
Seventeenth Amendment
allowed for the direct election of Senators,
the Eighteenth Amendment
prohibited sales of alcohol
Nineteenth Amendment
guaranteed women the right to vote.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
created the Food and Drug Administration to guarantee the safety and purity of all food products and pharmaceuticals
Who rose to presidency after the assassination of William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
In foreign policy, what did Roosevelt advocate for?
advocated for a stronger army and navy, and increased American intervention in Latin America
Rough Riders
Theodore Roosevelt formed the Rough Riders (volunteers) to fight in the Spanish- American War in Cuba. They charged up San Juan Hill during the battle of Santiago. It made Roosevelt popular.
What did Roosevelt propose in his foreign policy?
that the United States build a canal across Central America in order to secure dominance of the seas
How was the Panama Canal created and established?
Colombia rejected the American terms for control of a canal across the isthmus of Panama
US navy helped rebels in the region break free of Colombia and establish the new nation of Panama.
The Panamanians gladly accepted American terms for the new Panama Canal.
Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
required the federal inspection of meats and prevented canned foods or pharmaceuticals from being contaminated or mislabeled
Who won the election of 1912?
Woodrow Wilson
WWI
World War One, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that took place from 1914 to 1918. It involved many of the world’s leading powers divided into two opposing alliances: the Allies (including France, Russia, and the United Kingdom) and the Central Powers (mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey).
WWI Causes
MAIN:
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
- Sparked chaos: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
What was President Wilson’s reaction to the start of WWI?
Declared Neutrality despite American economy benefitting selling war supplies (especially to Allied powers)
When and why did America enter WWI?
1917: Germany continued using unrestricted submarine warfare on American merchant ships + Zimmerman Telegram
Zimmerman Telegram
intercepted dispatch in which German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman urged Mexico to join the Central Powers and promised that if the United States entered the war, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Espionage Act
Made illegal to share info that interfered with the war and safeguarded against spying
Sedition Act
Banned “Disloyal” language against gov and military
Wilson’s 14 Points
Created in hopes of preventing another global crisis
most ignored (except League of Nations) in Treaty of Versailles - Brit + France wanted to punish Germany
Who opposed the League of Nations and why?
Senate reservationist Henry Cabot Lodge - disagreed with idea that required countries to join League of Nations (feared another global conflict, favored isolationism)
NAACP
Fight for equality, justice, and rights for African Americans
The Great Migration
African Americans leaving south to move north in search of job and freedom opportunities, left oppressive Jim Crow Laws
Double Victory Campaign
Victory abroad in the fight against fascism and victory at home over racism and inequality
When did the Roaring 20’s take place
After WWI
What characterized the Roaring 20’s
Rapid economic growth + culture of consumerism
Red Scare
Afriad of Communists coming into country –> increased nativism
1921 Emergency Quota Act
First immigration quota in America
1924 National Origins Act
Made quota lower, reducing immigrants from Souther/Eastern Europe + Asia
What was one of the causes of the economic growth in the 1920’s
Expansion of consumer credit and unregulated banking practices
Black Tuesday
Official start of Great Depression
Dust Bowl
Forced farmers to migrate in search of work
President Herbert Hoover’s involvement in Great Depression
Continue Laissez Faire policies, but homelessness and unemployment continued to rise
Created Reconstruction Finance Corpse
Reconstruction Finance Corpse
Provided loans and create jobs
Who won election in 1932?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
New Deal
a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.
Fireside Chats
Used radio to connect w public, rebuild confidence in government
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Offered farmers subsides for limiting production of certain crops
Federal Emergency Relief Act
Allowed gov to provide grants to states for economic relief
What forced America to join WW2
Attack on Pearl Harbor in Dec 7 1941
Executive Order 9066
Forced Japanese Americans into internment camps for duration of war
Korematsu v. U.S.
Upheld the constitutionality of the forced internment of Japanese Americans
Tusk Airmen
first black pilots in armed forces
Women’s Army Corp
Women allowed to serve in military, variety of non-combat positions
D-Day
Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6,1944
-aided by Dwight D Eisenhower
Island hopping
Military strat in pacific theater, focused on capturing islands to gradually advance towards Japan
Who took over after Franklin D. Roosevelt’s death?
Henry Truman
What was Truman’s involvement in WW2?
Approved use of atomic bomb, unconditional surrender from Japan
Significance of mass media
Radio and cinema contributed to the spread of national culture as well as greater awareness of regional cultures.
