unit 6 (1865-1898)

Question 1

What period is unit 6 in?

Answer 1

1865-1898

Question 2

Tammany Hall

Answer 2

A political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800’s and early 1900’s) seeking political control by corruption and bossism.

Question 3

Boss Tweed

Answer 3

William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC’s powerful democratic political machine in 1868

Question 4

Who exposed the political corruption during the Gilded Age?

Answer 4

Exposed by Thomas Nast Cartoons

Question 5

What was a notable economic feature of the Gilded Age?

Answer 5

The rise of big businesses

Question 6

How did big businesses during the Gilded Age profit?

Answer 6

Built monopolies/trusts, eliminate competition

-Made huge fortunes but did not translate profits to lower class workers

Question 7

What was the result of big businesses not paying their employees enough even though they made large profits?

Answer 7

Labor disputes

Question 8

What were the benefits of big businesses?

Answer 8

Job opportunities, giving back through charitable good works, giving consumers more affordable products bc of mass prodcution

Question 9

What were the consequences of big businesses?

Answer 9

Eliminated smaller businesses

Question 10

What was the difference between Robber Barons and the Captains of Industry?

Answer 10

Robber Barons: typically employed ethically questionable methods to eliminate their competition and develop a monopoly in their industry

Captains of Industry: used their profits to pay their workers better, donate to charities, etc.

Question 11

What catalysts resulted in a boom of economic growth?

Answer 11

The American Industry and Trains/Locomotives

Question 12

What industries rapidly grew during the Gilded Age?

Answer 12

ROSE
Railroads, Oil, Steel, Electricity

Question 13

What is the result of rapid ROSE and American industry growth?

Answer 13

Growth of the labor movement

Question 14

Knights of Labor

Answer 14

an unskilled labor union designed to bring about better wages and better conditions

• Distrust following the Haymarket Riot leads to its downfall.

Question 15

The American Federation of Labor

Answer 15

a skilled labor union and thus carried a bit more leverage into the negotiating room and was more effective in improving conditions for its members.

Question 16

What were labor strikes used for?

Answer 16

means to combat poor working conditions and low wages

Question 17

What were the significant labor strikes that took place during this time

Answer 17

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894

Question 18

Who did the government side with during the labor strikes?

Answer 18

The big businesses and even took actions to break the strike

Question 19

What led to the failure of many of these strikes?

Answer 19

The attitudes of the government, combined with the power and resources of the big businesses

Question 20

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 20

established the constitutionality of laws mandating separate but equal public accommodations for African Americans and whites

Question 21

What prevented political progression in polls?

Answer 21

Literacy tests and poll taxes

Question 22

Ethnic enclaves

Answer 22

New immigrants settle in communities of familiar people creating areas such as Little Italy and Chinatown

Question 23

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Answer 23

a set of laws that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens

Question 24

What were the typical lifestyles of immigrant families?

Answer 24

immigrant families overcrowd cities and live in packed tenement houses with little sanitation or hygiene.

Question 25

Who established the Hull House?

Answer 25

Jane Addams

Question 26

What was the purpose of the Hull House?

Answer 26

to assist struggling immigrants and address issues of poverty and inequality. These settlement houses provided services such as education, healthcare, and job training to help immigrants and other marginalized groups assimilate into American society.

Question 27

The Social Gospel movement

Answer 27

advocating for social reform through religious means.

Advocates of this movement believed that it was their Christian duty to address social issues such as poverty and inequality, and they encouraged people of means to take action to address urban problems.

Question 28

Agricultural issues that took place during this time?

Answer 28

Farmers face issues of low prices for their crops combined with high costs of production.

Question 29

The Interstate Commerce Act

Answer 29

a federal law designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.

attempts to address farmer complaints, however, it fails to solve the problems in agriculture

Question 30

Populist Party

Answer 30

A U.S. political party formed in the 1890s to represent the interests of farmers and laborers

their legacy is seen in the Progressive achievements of the early 20th century.

Question 31

Ocala platform

Answer 31

In 1890, created by delegates of the National Alliance in which they supported: direct elections/low tariff rates/graduated income tax/new banking system.

Also demanded that Treasury notes/silver be used to increase money circulation & federal storage.

Question 32

Leading issue of the period?

Answer 32

Money Supply

Question 33

What did farmers advocate for in order to combat the issue of money supply?

Answer 33

Farmers advocated for free silver to increase the money in circulation resulting in an inflationary policy as well as lower tariffs.

Question 34

William McKinley

Answer 34

Republican candidate for the Election of 1896

• Gold Standard
• Strong Tariff
• Corporate Backing

Question 35

William Jennings Bryan

Answer 35

Democratic candidate for the Election of 1896
- gained Populist Endorsement

• Free Silver/ Bi-metalism
• “Cross of Gold Speech” (electrifying the crowd in support of the inflationary policy)
• Gov Regulation of RR and Business
• Direct Election of Senators
• Income Tax on Wealthy to Replace Tariff

Question 36

Who won the Election of 1896?

Answer 36

William McKinley

Question 37

What factors aided in distracting people from the negative impacts of urbanization and industrialization, such as poverty and inequality.

Answer 37

Art, music, literature, and entertainment.