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apush > unit 5 (1844-1877) > Flashcards

unit 5 (1844-1877) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What period is unit 5 in?

A

1844-1877

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2
Q

Manifest Destiny

A
  • the belief that it was the God-given mission of the United States to expand its territory and spread its political and cultural values across the entire continent
  • used to justify the acquisition of new territory, such as the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the annexation of Texas,

-forced relocation of Native American tribes during the Indian Removal era.

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3
Q

Significance of John O’ Sullivan

A

Term “Manifest Destiny” coined in 1845, significant impact on American politics and foreign policy in decades leading to Civil War

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4
Q

Market Revolution/Economic Revolution in unit 5 significance?

A
  • increased the connectedness of the North and West through communication and transportation innovations like the telegraph and railroad
  • increased demand for land and resources led to the destruction of natural habitats, deforestation, and the pollution of water and air.
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5
Q

Antebellum Reform Movements

A

urged Americans to change society for the better through movements, included:

-Temperance
- Women’s Rights
- Abolitionism

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6
Q

Temperance Movement

A

social movement that aimed to reduce/eliminate the consumption of alcohol

alcohol = social problems, poverty, crime, domestric abuse - more moreal/orderly society

led by women, often victims of negative consequences of abuse (ex: WCTU, WTM)

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7
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

an organization established in 1874 that advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, believing it to be the root cause of societal problems like domestic violence and poverty.

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8
Q

Women’s Temperance Movement

A

led by women who were concerned about the destructive power of alcohol and its effects on families

They campaigned for stricter laws around alcohol consumption.

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9
Q

What did the Temperance Movement lead to?

A
  • the passage of state-level Prohibition laws, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol in some states
  • the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol nationwide from 1920 to 1933.
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10
Q

What is the goal of the women’s rights movement?

A

To advocate for the equal treatment and rights for women, saw significant advances for women’s rights during 1844-1877

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11
Q

What occurred during the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?

A

Susan B. Anthony - prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th-century women’s rights movement to introduce women’s suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton - wrote Declaration of Sentiments as a call to arms for female equality during Seneca Falls Convention

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12
Q

Declaration of Sentiments

A

A document signed by 68 women and 32 men at Seneca Falls Convention which demanded equality with men before the law, in education and employment.

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13
Q

What occurred during the Civil War that led to a contribution to the Women’s Rights Movement?

A

many women became active in abolitionist and suffrage movements, and their participation in these causes helped to further the cause of women’s rights

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14
Q

What led to the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) in 1869?

A

The ratification of the 14th and 15th amendment, granting citizenship and voting rights to African American MEN, but not WOMEN

-focused on securing voting rights for women through a federal amendment to the Constitution.

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15
Q

Abolitionist Movement

A

a social and political movement in the United States that aimed to end slavery and the slave trade

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16
Q

What prominent figures used speeches, writings, and protests to raise awareness and mobilize support for the abolitionist cause?

A

William Lloyd Garrison and John Brown

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17
Q

What abolitionists used their experience as former slaves to educate other about the horrors of slavery?

A

Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman

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18
Q

Utopian Communities Movement

A

a series of communities established in the 19th century in the United States that aimed to create a perfect society based on principles of equality, cooperation, and social harmony

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19
Q

Example of Utopian Communities

A

Oneida Community - a religious commune, practiced “Perfectionism,” a form of Christianity with distinctive views on sin and salvation. (complex marriages)

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20
Q

Public School Movement

A

an effort in the early to mid-19th century to establish public education systems throughout the U.S., aimed at providing free education for all children.

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21
Q

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?

A

In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed, Mexico cede 55% of its territory

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22
Q

What debates occurred after the Mexican Cession

A

Intense debates over the expansion of slavery

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23
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

In order to ease anti v. pro slavery advocates, Henry Clay introduced a stronger Fugitive Slave Act and the idea of Popular Sovereignty.

  • temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War.
24
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

originially intended to mark a compromise to the fact that California would enter the Union as a free state

  • required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state
25
Q

Popular Sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty

-produced “Bleeding Kansas”

26
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

a period of violent conflict in the Kansas Territory in the 1850s, which was driven by the struggle between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions over the issue of whether or not to allow slavery in the territory.

27
Q

Dred Scott Case

A

1857 Supreme Court decision that rejected the claim of a slave, who argued that time spent with his owner in regions that barred slavery had made him a free man

28
Q

Who won the presidential election of 1860 and why?

A

Lincoln, with a victory in both the popular vote and the electoral vote

29
Q

What events happened that contributed to the Civil War after the presidential election of 1860?

A

South Carolina, followed by several southern states, seceded from the Union

30
Q

Battle of Fort Sumter

A

triggered the Civil Wa

  • South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861
31
Q

What advantages did the North have during the Civil War?

A

population, money, transportation, industrial output, and Lincoln’s leadership.

32
Q

What advantages did the South have during the Civil War?

A

South had more competent generals and the “hope” of a foreign alliance gained from King Cotton Diplomacy.

33
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

The bloodiest day in history, leading Lincoln to issue his Emancipation Proclamation freeing all the slaves in the REBELLING states.

34
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

served as the turning point of the war in 1863

35
Q

Battle of Vicksburg

A

separated the Confederacy and allowed the Union full control of the Mississippi River

36
Q

Appomattox Court House

A

Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to General Ulysses Grant in April 1865

37
Q

What did Lincoln plan before he was assassinated

A

He proposed the 10% plan, allowing re-admittance to the Union after 10% of eligible voters take the oath of allegiance

  • Once Confederates pledged allegiance to the Union and agreed to the emancipation of all the slaves, they could be pardoned
38
Q

Who took over after Lincoln was assassinated?

A

Andrew Johnson

39
Q

How dod Andrew Johnson contribute to Reconstruction?

A
  • lenient on ex-confederates and overlooked certain states’ passage of the Black Codes, limiting the rights of freedmen
  • vetoed several bills passed by Congress, which resulted in a clash between the president and Congress.
40
Q

Reconstruction Act of 1867

A
  • created military reconstruction, the military enforced laws protecting freedmen
  • the Freedmen’s Bureau provided much-needed social and political support for freed blacks.
41
Q

13th Amendment

A

Outlawed slavery

42
Q

14th Amendment

A

Provided citizenship for black males

43
Q

15th amendment

A

gave suffrage for black males

44
Q

What were the failures of reconstruction, Amendments were haphazardly enforced,

A
  • Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws
    -KKK, other terrorist groups
45
Q

Black Codes

A

undermined the amendments and allowed local governments to pass absurd laws that resulted in many freedmen’s arrests and forced labor.

46
Q

KKK and other terrorist groups significance?

A

ose and terrorized black families and communities

47
Q

What ended Reconstruction

A

The Compromise of 1877, an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election

48
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Writer of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel critical of the practice of slavery and leading to tension between the North and the South over the institution.

49
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

a law passed in 1854 that allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they would allow slavery within their borders.

50
Q

John Brown’s Raid

A

Unsuccessful raid of the Virginia arsenal at Harpers Ferry by abolitionist John Brown that led to his eventual hanging.

51
Q

Scalawags

A

White southerners who collaborated with northerners during Reconstruction.

52
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

White northerners who came south during Reconstruction to benefit financially from opportunity or to help support the assimilation of slaves into society.

53
Q

Free Soil Party

A

short-lived political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854 that opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories

54
Q

Effects of Reconstruction and Civil War ending slavery?

A

altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and led to debates over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans, women, and other minorities.

55
Q

Effects of U.S. government interaction and conflict with Mexican Americans and American Indians

A

increase in regions newly taken from American Indians and Mexico, altering these groups’ economic self-sufficiency and cultures.

56
Q

Causes for increase in western migratoin

A

Desire for access to natural and mineral resources/economic opportunities
ex: Californian Gold Rush

  • Religious refuge
57
Q

Free Soil Movement

A

Expansion of slavery is incompatible with free labor

apush (9 decks)

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