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apush > unit 3 (1754-1800) > Flashcards

unit 3 (1754-1800) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What period is unit 3 through?

A

1745-1800s

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2
Q

What larger conflict is the French and Indian War part of?

A

The Seven Years’ War

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3
Q

What was the initial conflicts of the French and Indian War?

A

Territorial disputes

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4
Q

What did Benjamin Franklin propose and what did it call for?

A

The Albany Plan of Union, it called for a more centralized government in the colonies for western defense against the French and Indian War - Laid future for revolutionary congress

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5
Q

What was the result of the Seven Years’ War?

A

The British won, signed the Treaty of Paris - Louisiana lands given to Spain, gain land east of Mississippi River

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6
Q

What proclamation forbid colonists from taking land west of the Appalachian mountains and Ohio River Valley?

A

The Royal Proclamation of 1763, frustrated colonists.

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7
Q

What was a major consequence of the French and Indian War?

A

War expenses, British debt doubled so implemented taxes.

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8
Q

What is salutary neglect?

A

The British turning a “blind eye” to colonist activities in America. It gave the colonists that they were managing their own affairs without parliament involvement.

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9
Q

Quartering Act of 1765

A

Imperial troops remain in colonies to enforce acts

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10
Q

Sugar Act

A

Imposed taxes on molasses, wine, and coffee.

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11
Q

Stamp Act

A

Taxes on all paper items, threatening to colonies since declining wages and increasing unemployment

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12
Q

Virtual Representation

A

Members of parliament represented all classes of British citizens.

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13
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

Full petition to parliament to repeal Stamp Act - Taxation without Representation (considered tyranny)

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14
Q

What is one misconception in the arguments against the taxes enforced by the parliament

A

British citizens were not trying to gain independence and instead wanted full rights as British citizens.

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15
Q

How did British citizens in the colonies rebel against the taxation?

A

Protests, destruction of property, and threats to tax collectors - leading to Parliament repealing the Stamp and Sugar Act

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16
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Taxes on imported resources to colonies, included glass, paper, and tea.

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17
Q

What was the response to the Townshend Acts by the colonists?

A

Protests on boycotts on British goods, women spun their own cloth, brew their on tea.

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18
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Young men harassed British soldiers, threw objects at them - led to 11 wounded, 4 dead colonists. Led to argument of increasing British tyranny.

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19
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Response to Tea Act, threw tons of tea into Boston harbor

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20
Q

Coercive Acts

A

Closed down Boston harbor until tea costs were fully compensated, approved new quartering act as well

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21
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

New pieces of legislation and taxation passed by Parliament. Five laws that were passed by the British Parliament against the American Colonies in 1774

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22
Q

Patriots

A

Armed groups vowed to protect themselves against British tyranny

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23
Q

Natural Rights

A

All human beings are endowed w certian rights by God (not gov), gov can never take them away

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24
Q

Social Contract

A

The power to govern is in hands of ppl give some to create gov capable of protecting their natural rights

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25
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Enables various branches to check and balance the power of others

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26
Q

Common Sense

A

Estab by Thomas Payne, explained necessity of independence from Britain through Enlightenment ideas - majority of colonists convinced

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27
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Enlightenment ideas, natural rights, and social contract - adopted July 1776

28
Q

Loyalists

A

Party that remained loyal to Britain

29
Q

Continental Army

A

George Washington leader, began fighting British army - Americans lost lots of ppl - seek help to foreign powers

30
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point that led to French allying with America - provide ships, guns, etc.

31
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

British surrender, establish American independence

32
Q

Effects of American Revolution

A

Inspired other revolutions around the world including France and Haitian

33
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Put power of government in lawmaking body (ratified in 1781)

All power for federal gov put into legislative (no power for president, no judicial gov, no military force, very limited power to tax)

34
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

1) Provided plan for admitting new states to the Union from the territory

2) Abolished slavery in north west territory

35
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Farmers in debt, many unable to pay debts because of taxes and inflations

David Shays gathered thousands of other farmers to rebel - displayed weakness of Articles of Confederation

36
Q

1787 Constitutional Convention

A

Discuss weakness of Articles of Confederation, new Constitution for US.

37
Q

Federalist

A

More urban folks with commercial backgrounds, wanted stronger CENTRAL government

38
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

More rural folks, liked STATES having the power, opposed increase in federal government power

39
Q

Most debated question in the 1787 Constitutional Convention

A

How would the people be represented in the new government?

40
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Representation by population, favored BIG STATES

41
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Equal representation regardless of population, favored SMALL STATES

42
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Legislative Branch split into TWO houses, House of Representatives (states represented by POPULATION), Senate (states would have 2 votes each)

43
Q

House of Representatives

A

States represented by POPULATION

44
Q

Senate

A

States would have 2 votes each

45
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Count all slaves in a state, take 3/5ths of # of slaves –> how many seats in House of Representatives

-three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxation.

46
Q

New Constitution 1787

A

-Provided for more robust central gov

  • Split gov into three branches

-Legislative, Executive, Judicial

-Ratified in 1789

47
Q

Federalist papers

A

Persuasive essays created to convince public of the merits of the new constitution

48
Q

Bill of Rights

A
  • Protect individual liberties against federal government

-Guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion.

49
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

Women could influence political realities by raising virtuous sons in the political relm

50
Q

1st Vice President

A

John Adams

51
Q

George Washington

A
  • Estab treasury, state, war, justice
52
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A
  • Drove plan for fed gov to assume war debts (bind nations together + improve credit)
  • National Bank (many argued that Constitution made no provision for a bank)

-Elastic Clause (Congress has right to make decisions necessary/proper to carry out other responsibilities) - bank was necessary since of taxation + interstate commerce

53
Q

What party were Washington and Hamilton

A

Federalists

54
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Hamilton’s tax on whiskey - angry poor frontier farmers –> attack tax collectors –> Washington use military army (democratic republicans argue for federal overreach)

55
Q

Democratic Republicans (Jeffersonian Republican Party)

A

Emphasized local and humanitarian concerns, states’ rights, agrarian interests, and democratic procedures.

56
Q

James Madison and Thomas Jefferson were part of what party?

A

Democratic Republicans

57
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A

Cautioned nation of formation of political parties + entangling in European/foreign alliances

58
Q

XYZ Affair

A

Diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War

-demand for a bribe from the American delegation.

59
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Made it legal to deport any noncitizen of US, growing Irish + Scottish immigrants opposed

-Made it illegal to criticize government publicly

60
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Democratic Republicans argue that any law passed by fed gov considered unconstitutional can be NULLIFIED

61
Q

Relations between US with Spain, Britain, and Native Americans

A

Threats to US political sovereignty, pass Indian Trade and Intercourse Act

62
Q

Indian Trade and Intercourse Act

A

Regulated relationship among settlers + Natives for fair dealings

-Settlers largely ignored, increasing westward migration

63
Q

Pinckney Treaty

A

Ultimately decided US - Spanish border

  • Estab. at 31st parallel
64
Q

What was happening to the black and slave populations in the NORTH?

A

Increasing population of free blacks, granted free blacks with property the right to vote (New Jersey)

65
Q

African Methodist Episcopal Church

A

Philadelphian first African American church nomination

66
Q

What was happening to the black and slave populations in the SOUTH?

A

Increasing slave populations, new legislation made it impossible to free slaves

-Slave/plantation owners migrate west, brought slaves + estab institution

apush (9 decks)

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