Unit 7 Flashcards by Rina Baaylen

What internal challenges/events contributed to the Russian Revolution?

Not industrialized
Gov did not room the economic growth
Gov did not recognize civil liberties or undergo political reforms -> Bloody Sunday & Revolution of 1905

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What external challenges/events contributed to the Russian revolution?

Loss in the Crimean War against Ottoman Empire
Loss in the Russo-Japanese war
Poorly prepared for WW1
(Fell behind other imperial powers)

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Bloody Sunday 1905

Russian workers petitioned the tsar for better working conditions, higher wages, and suffrage
(Tsar’s police killed many marchers)

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Revolution of 1905

40,000 Russian workers went on strike in response to Bloody Sunday
(Unsuccessful)

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Russ-Japanese War (1904)

Russia and Japan fought over Korea and Manchuria and Japan won

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Bolshevik’s

Let by Vladimir Lenin who seized power from the tsar and established a communist gov
New Soviet gov -> abolished private trade, distributed crops to workers, and took over ownership factories

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Why was the success of the Bolsheviks significant?

First ex of communists running a large country
Capitalist countries worried that communist were a danger to them

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What internal challenges did China face prior to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty?

-Ethnic tension (Han never fully exited the Manchu Qing leaders)
-Danger of famine (rapid population growth)
-Gov had not updated the tax system and could not fund public projects

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What external challenges did Qing China face?

Unindustrialized
China did not desire European products
Loss in the opium wars
Controlled by the spheres of influence

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Sun Yat-Sen

Chinese nationalist revolutionary who overthrew the Qing Dynasty
First president of the Chinese republic

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Young Turks

Reformer group in the Ottoman Empire who advocated for a constitutional gov, Turkification (make all citizens Turkic), & blame Christian Armenians for the empires economic problems

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How did the Ottomans fight against forgoing influence?

They resented Europeans for their economic policies and they allied with Germany in WWI which led them to be replaced by a smaller nation the Republic of Turkey

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Porfirio Diaz

President of Mexico established an authoritarian regime (a dictator)

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Effects of the Mexican Revolution

-constitutional republic (powers to president)
-nationalized Mexico’s oil industry

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Treaty to Brest-Litovsk

1918 which Russia lost substantial terrify to Germany and left WWI

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Communism

Karl Marx-
People don’t own means of production the gov does

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Militarism

States beloved they had to build strong militaries to protect their own interested

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Alliances

Groups whose members agree to help and protect each other when attacked

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Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political economic, or cultural life of another country
(Desire to project power onto weaker countries)

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Nationalism

Wanted to be governed by those like you
Pride for one’s county

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by the Black Hand (a group of Serbian rebels), started WWI

Total War

The idea of a country mobilizes all of its recourses and people in order to win a war

Woodrow Wilson

American president (28th)
Believed no country should be severely punished or rewarded for the war *cough cough germanyb

Blank

American president (28th)
Believed no country should be severely punished or rewarded for the war *cough cough Germany

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty to end WWI demanded reparations etc from Germany blaming them for the war

Black Hand

A Serbian natalist group “Union or death” Killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand Wanted Serbians to govern Austria

Triple Alliance

Defensive military alliance (1882) Germany + Austria + Italy

Triple Entente

France + Russia + GB

Machine guns

Able to shoot many bullets High speed + great quantity of bullets Reason why they built trenches

Chemical warfare

Tear gas + mustard gas Solider were unprepared they had never encountered it before

Trench warfare

Lived/ fought in them Hard to stay dry and solders feet decayed

Submarine

Used it to fire/sink ships (hard to see) Infected Weakness -> could not see what ships they were firing at lead to the sinking of the Lusitania

“Stale mate”

Neither side could defeat the other At an impasse

Total war

Everyone in the society was affected and all resources were used

How did the war affect society?

-women went to work in the factories -factories mainly produced war materials -food was rationed -media was censored/ controlled (propaganda)

What was the role of propaganda?

Kept the people energized and wanting to fight for the greater good (Appealed to peoples fears -> exaggerated the war dangers)

Sinking of Lusitania

German U-boats sunk this passenger ship killing over 100 U.S. citizens -> upset the U.S. but they still did not join the war

Zimmerman Telegram

Notes sent from the German gov to the Mexican gov promising them American land if they join their side (U.S. intercepted the message - major factor that led the U.S. to join the war)

What was Americans stance on conflict in Europe?

They had a long standing isolation from European conflicts (President Woodrow Wilson)

Kultur

German civilization/culture (Used in a derogatory way) Means culture

Why did colonized peoples fight in the war for their imperial mother country’s?

Bc India, China, Africa (colonies of GB) were promised more freedoms if they helped them win the war

Treaty of Versailles (War guilt clause)

Allies gained victory and all blame was put on Germany (President Woodrow Wilson wanted peace globally and not to put all of the blame on Germany)

Reparations

Damages caused by the war that Germany had to pay bc of the Treaty of Versailles (Direct cause of WWII)

League of Nations

Organization made to prevent future wars (failed…) Weakened by the refusal of the United States to join

Central powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (losing side) Basically the triple alliance

Allied powers

Britain + France + U.S + Russia + etc.. (27 in total) (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) Russia dropped out of the war half way through and annexed a lot of land to Germany)

Conscription

A military draft

Self-Determination

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves