Topics 1.1 -1.3 Flashcards
Mandate of Heaven
Rulers were chosen by heaven to serve so they were legitimate if they ruled well
Influence from Confucianism
Can rebel
Bureaucracy
An organization in which appointed officials carried out the empires policy
Civil service exam
Based on knowledge of Confucian texts (new and based on merit)
Neo-Confucianism
New Confucianism
Combined rational thought with more abstract ideas
Ethics not mysteries
Tribute system
Arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods
In Chinese they paid the nomads not to attack them in exchange the nomads could trade in China this lead to the decline in the Chinese military
Filial piety
Respecting your elders and ancestors
Theravada
“Do-it-yourself”
Focuses on a personal path to enlightenment
Mahayana
Buddhism for the masses
Aims to achieve enlightenment for all beings
Had Bodhisattva helped people reach enlightenment
Patriage
You know someone powerful to get you a job
Opposite from merit
Japan
> Tributary system, centralized imperial state, neo-Confucianism
<feudalism, shogun was the military rulers, no bureaucracy, emperor had little power
Korea
> Tributary system, centralized gov, neo-Confucianism, Chinese writing system, arts + architecture
<civil service exams not open to the peasants
Champa Rice
“Magic rice”
Imported from Vietnam
Drought resistant rice that can produce two harvests per growing season
It grows in dirt versus water
The Grand Canal
Water way that contracted northern and southern China
Vital element of domestic trade
Production of iron and steel
Arrows, chains
Advanced weaponry for army mass produced
Manufacture of textiles
Silk used for clothing made by women highly valued everywhere
Porcelain for export
Artistic part of cultural heritage
International trade
Scholar gentry
Carried out the function of gov
-> Chinese bureaucrats
Meritocracy
People got jobs based on their skills/ abilities
Kowtow
When somebody would kneel and touch their forehead to the ground in order to show deep and solemn respect (mostly to the emperor)
Tributary system
Arrangement in which other states had to pay money to honor the Chinese emperor
Foot binding
Where Chinese women would misshapen their feet to make them smaller
Signification
The process of interpreting Chinese societies into Chinese culture
The significance of them
Northern Nomads
Long standing threat to China
Had mural need with China
Provided horses
And gained agricultural products
Kashgar
Western edge of China
Causes for growth: Water by the Kashgar River made lands fertile had lots of food + water
Chinese oasis
Samarkand
Uzbekistan
Causes of Growth: Many artisans & center of Islamic learning beautiful mosques
Paper money
Easily transported a system of credit “flying cash”
Managed increasing trade (light weight)
Bills of exchange
A document which promised a set payment and receive
Provided convenience and stability of Institutions
Caravanserai
A inn/hostel where merchants traveling long distances found a place to rest at night
Let merchants stop to let their camels rest and drink water
Silk
(Luxury good)
Primarily used by the elite
Gave China a strong advantage in trade
Iron & Steel
(Luxury goods)
Allowed for the creation of better tools/weapons enhanced military capabilities
