1450-1750 (unit 4)

Question 1

Astrolabe

Answer 1

Invented in Ancient Greece
Allowed ships to determine latitude and longitude
Helped with maritime explorations

Question 2

John Cabot

Answer 2

Italian explorer sailed under the English Crown
First European to land in Canada

Question 3

Caravel

Answer 3

Portuguese invented
Smaller ships, easier to navigate, and had cannons (fighting ship)

Question 4

Casta system

Answer 4

Racial categorization implemented by the Spanish in Latin America
Spanish were at the top of
Determined social status and rights within society

Question 5

Compass

Answer 5

Originated in China
Later used in the maritime exploration of North America
Helped sailors reckon direction

Question 6

Hernan Cortes

Answer 6

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs in Mexico

Question 7

Vasco da Gama

Answer 7

Portuguese explorer
Successfully sailed around Africa and established a sea route to India

Question 8

Great Dying

Answer 8

Population decline due to the interaction of the Europeans and the Indigenous people
Disease spread ex small pox

Question 9

Henry the Navigator

Answer 9

Portuguese prince
He heavily funded maritime expeditions to West Africa

Question 10

Humanism

Answer 10

The ideas that man had power and people became more independent
(Questioned the teachings of the Pope)

Question 11

Jesuits

Answer 11

Christian missionaries fighting against the spread of humanism/Protestantism

Question 12

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 12

Spanish conquistador
Conquered the Inca (Peru)

Question 13

Volta do mar

Answer 13

Invented by the Portuguese
A navigational technique
“Turning to the sea”

Question 14

Brazil

Answer 14

Portuguese
Used fire arms
Wanted Brazil wood
Sugar plantations were cultivated here
Chattel slavery

Question 15

Mexico (Aztecs) and Peru (Incas)

Answer 15

Spanish
Used firearms
Wanted precious metals (silver)

Question 16

Parts of Canada

Answer 16

French came peacefully
Made agreements with the Indigenous people

Question 17

Portugal in the Indian Ocean

Answer 17

Network of trading posts
Aimed to control the spice trade

Question 18

Britain - Indian Ocean

Answer 18

Through the British East India Company
Established trading posts
To expand political influence in India

Question 19

Netherlands - Indian Ocean

Answer 19

Established through the Dutch East India Company
Replaced the Portuguese in Malacca (Indonesia) -overpowered them bc they had fast and cheaper ships
Conquered trading posts in Cape Town
Wanted to control the spice trade

Question 20

Rice

Answer 20

It was transferred from the slaves to the Americans (high shelf life)

Question 21

Swahili Arabs (affect on Asian/African merchants)

Answer 21

Coastal rulers were forced to take an oath of loyalty (negatively affected by the Portuguese)

Question 22

Gujartis (affect on Asian/African merchants)

Answer 22

Indian fleets shrunk bc they could not compete with the British
Gained new navigational and ship building techniques

Question 23

Javanese (affect on African/Asian merchants)

Answer 23

Have territory to the Dutch
Indigenous rulers were left in power

Question 24

Chattel slavery

Answer 24

Slaves we’re treated like pieces of property
Used by the Portuguese and British

Question 25

Indentured servitude

Answer 25

People willingly sign a contract to work for a set amount of years in our to get money
(Spanish used it)

Question 26

Encomienda

Answer 26

Like Manorialism
European would offer protection for the Indigenous people if they would work their lands

Question 27

Hacienda

Answer 27

Spanish elites forced slaves to work their fields
More focused on land

Question 28

Mit’a system

Answer 28

Indigenous people were forced to work a set amount hours of labor for the state
(Mandatory labor system)

Question 29

Mestizo

Answer 29

White + Spainsh
Spanish supported

Question 30

Mullatto

Answer 30

White + Black