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AP United States History > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is imperialism?

A

The expansion of one country’s political, economic, and military influence over another country

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2
Q

What began America’s growth as an empire?

A

The purchase of Alaska in 1867;
It had no connection to the main United States and it has a loads of gold buried in it

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3
Q

Why was the purchase of Alaska called Seward’s Folly?

A

Because it appeared as though Alaska had no value

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4
Q

Why did imperialists support imperialism?

A

-Desire for expanded access to raw materials
-Secure new markets for American made goods
-Social Darwainism
-Didn’t want America to be seen as a second-class nation

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5
Q

How was imperialism related to religion?

A

Josiah Strong argued that it was the Christian duty of the white race to expand itself abroad

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6
Q

How did Mahan influence Congress?

A

Prompted the construction of a massive new steel fleet

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7
Q

Why did anti-imperialists dislike imperialism?

A

-The principle of self determination (a nation had the right to decide who ruled it and what laws were passed)
-Washington’s Farewell Address (warned against foreign entanglement)

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8
Q

What argument did anti-imperalists use in their campaign against imperialism?

A

They believed that the Constitution should follow the flag, that other nations should be granted rights ensured by the Constitution;
Would America wabt this?

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9
Q

What was yellow journalism?

A

Journalism that relied more on sensation than fact and evidence

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10
Q

How did yellow journalism prompt the Spanish-American War?

A

Yellow journalists published articles that exaggerated the atrocities committed by the Spanish against the Cubans

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11
Q

What happened to the USS Maine?

A

It exploded in the Havana Harbor;
Yellow journalists claimed that this was done by the Spanish even though the explosion was found to be accidental

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12
Q

What effects did the Spanish-American War have?

A

-Cuba gained independence but the Platt Amendment stated that the US could intervene in Cuba
-Annexation of the Philippines and Guam

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13
Q

What was the significance of Emilio Aguinaldo?

A

He led FIlipinos to throw off US rule;
But the US held onto the Philippines until after WWII

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14
Q

Why did the US annex Hawaii in 1898?

A

Because they needed a land between them and the Philippines

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15
Q

What was the Open Door Policy in China?

A

In which Hays proposed that European powers in China should observe an open door of trading privileges in China

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16
Q

Why was the Spanish-American War?

A

It brought America to the world stage as an imperialistic power

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17
Q

What were the general Progressive causes?

A

-Growing power of big business
-Uncertainties in the economy
-Conflicts between labor groups and their employers
-Political machine power
-Racism, misogyny, etc.

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18
Q

What did the Progressives agree on?

A

That the government must get involved for any meaningful change to occur

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19
Q

What did muckrackers do?

A

They exposed the public to political and business corruption

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20
Q

What was Sinclair’s “The Jungle”?

A

Exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry

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21
Q

How did democracy expand during the Progressive era?

A

-The secret ballot
-Direct election of senators (17th Amendment)
-Initiative, referendum, and recall

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22
Q

What was the 18th Amendment?

A

Established Prohibition

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23
Q

When was Plessy v. Ferguson ruled?

A

1896

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24
Q

What was the Niagra Movement?

A

-Organized by W.E.B. Debois
-Planned protests and acts to secure rights for the black population

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25
Q

What was the Square Deal (by Theodore Roosevelt)?

A

In which Roosevelt worked on a square deal for miners on strike and their employers

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26
Q

What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?

A

Assurred consumers that their food was free of impurities

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27
Q

What was the Meat Inspection Act?

A

Meat packing plants have the minimum standard for sanitation at the least

28
Q

How did Roosevelt advance the conservationist cause?

A

By reserving millions of unspoiled land

29
Q

What prompted World War I?

A

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

30
Q

What were the sides of World War I?

A

-Triple Entente (Britain, Russia, France)
-Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)

31
Q

What brought the US into WWI?

A

-Sinking of Lusitania, 1915
-German unrestricted submarine warfare
-The interception of the Zimmermann Telegram

32
Q

How was US entry into WWI important?

A

It tipped the balance of the war in favor of the Alliance

33
Q

What were the Fourteen Points?

A

-Laid out an ideal post-war world
-Proposed the League of Nations

34
Q

What is total war?

A

When a country mobilizes much of its economic, industrial, and social resources to win

35
Q

What was the War Industries board, utilized in WW1?

A

Kept factories pumping out war-related materials like arms, uniforms, etc.

36
Q

What did the Espionage Act, 1917, and the Sedition Act, 1918?

A

Made it a crime to oppose war or saying anything against war

37
Q

What happened in Schneck v. United States?

A

In which Schneck published an article promoting refusal to accept the draft;
The Court upheld this restriction because “freedom of speech is not absolute”

38
Q

What was the Red Scare?

A

A growth of anti-communist fears and sentiments after the Russian Revolution

39
Q

What happened with regards to immigration in the years after WW1?

A

Acts were passed to restrict immigration, especially from those in southern and Eastern Europe

40
Q

What was the Great Migration?

A

In which huge portions of the southern black population moved to urban industrial centers in the North

41
Q

Why did the Great Migration happened?

A

Because black citizens felt oppressed by the Jim Crow laws in the South;
Because of economic opportunities (immigration was restricted)

42
Q

What was the significance of the assembly line?

A

It drove the price of the finished car super low and called for a replacement of many skilled workers in manufacturing sectors

43
Q

How did widespread use of the car impact American society?

A

-People’s individual mobility increased
-Roads became a dominant feature of American cities

44
Q

Why did the adveristing industry expand during this period?

A

Because of the proliferation of consumer goods

45
Q

How did the proliferation of technology impact American popular culture?

A

The radio and cinema

46
Q

What film ended the silent film era?

A

“The Jazz Singer,” which had synchronized sound and music

47
Q

How did the spread of national culture emphasize regional distinctions?

A

Because it perpetuated an urban, white American culture that some groups (like rurals or people of color) could not relate to

48
Q

What were the flappers?

A

A symbol of women’s liberation in the 20’s

49
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A

A revival of the arts and intellectual pursuits of the recently migrated black population

50
Q

Who were the “Lost Generation” as termed by Gertude Stein?

A

Writers who focused on the pervasive materialism that plagued American culture and critiqued WW1

51
Q

What caused the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

A

-Farmers overproducing
-Stock market was artifically inflated due to risky investment behavior like buying on margin

52
Q

How did Hoover respond to the Great Depression?

A

He practiced laissaz-faire economics and believed that the economy would correct itself if given time (thus government intervention could be kept at a minimum)

53
Q

Roosevelt transformed the US into a limited welfare state. What does that mean?

A

Government was gonna take responsibility for the social and economic welfare of its citizens

54
Q

How did Roosevelt respond to the Depression?

A

The New Deal

55
Q

What did the New Deal attempt to address?

A

-Relief for the unemployed
-Recovery for business
-Reform of economic institutions

56
Q

How was relief for the unemployed addressed in the New Deal?

A

-Public Works Administration
-Tennessee Valley Authority
-Civilian Conservation Corps,
All of which offerred jobs to the American people

57
Q

How was Recovery for Business addressed in Roosevelt’s New Deal?

A

-National Industrial Recovery Act (Things like establishing the minimum wage and cutting work hours)

58
Q

What was the Social Security Act (1935) by Roosevelt’s New Deal?

A

Provided a safety net of income for workers over 65

59
Q

How did American foreign policy change after WW1?

A

It returned to isolationism (like passing protective tariffs)

60
Q

How did Roosevelt react to WWII?

A

Gave aid to Great Britain (Cash and Carry Program)

61
Q

What brought America into WWII?

A

-Attack on Pearl Harbor
-The Axis Powers’ values were against that of America

62
Q

How did WWII affect American society?

A

-Brought the US out of the Great Depression (the American industry was leveraged for mobilization; all that government spending increased the GDP)
-Rosie the Riveter (women gained a role in the home front)
-Japanese relocation (brought to internment camps)

63
Q

What was Korematsu v. The United States (1944)?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that Japanese Relocation was constitutional because it was necessary and arose from danger of espionage and sabotage

64
Q

Why did the Allies win WWII?

A

-American entrance
-Battle of the Coral Sea and Battle of Midway (US got the upperhand in the Pacific)
-Tehran conference created a second front in the European Theatre
-Island-hopping
-Atomic bombs

65
Q

What were the consequences of US involvement in WWII?

A

-US became the most powerful nation on Earth (no destruction within our shores)
-Increased initiative to end communism
-Creation of the UN

AP United States History (9 decks)

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